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However, the irrational application of fungicides with similar structures has led to development of cross\u2010resistance, therefore there is a need to seek novel fungicides with new structures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010eight novel sulfoximine derivatives incorporating nitroguanidine moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as antifungal agents. The bioassay results indicated that most of the synthesized compounds displayed excellent fungicidal activities against\n                      <jats:italic>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Rhizoctonia solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Pyricularia grisea<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among these, compounds\n                      <jats:bold>6c<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:bold>6c<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:bold>6c<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      exhibited remarkable fungicidal activities against\n                      <jats:italic>P. grisea<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of 1.28, 1.17, and 1.68\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively. In addition, compound\n                      <jats:bold>6c<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      displayed the most potent activity against\n                      <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03.64\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Further\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      fungicidal activity screening against\n                      <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrated that the protective and curative effects of compound\n                      <jats:bold>6c<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      were 98.1% and 91.3% at 25\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively, comparable to that of boscalid (94.4%, 89.6%). The preliminary mechanism study found that the hyphae of\n                      <jats:italic>S. sclerotiorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      treated with compound\n                      <jats:bold>6c<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      was abnormal with mycelial collapse and membrane permeability increase. The present findings can help to develop new fungicides for crop protection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Novel sulfoximine derivatives containing nitroguanidine possess potential antifungal activity, and the unique structure may offer an alternative option for fungicide development in the future. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T12:47:01Z","timestamp":1667047621000},"page":"1273-1283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Design, synthesis, and antifungal activities of novel sulfoximine derivatives for plant 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