{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:33:44Z","timestamp":1785504824908,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resistance to rodenticides has been reported globally and poses a considerable problem for efficacy in pest control. The most\u2010documented resistance to rodenticides in commensal rodents is associated with mutations in the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene, in particular in codon 139. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides has been reported in the Netherlands since 1989. A study from 2013 showed that 25% of 169 Norway rats (<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus)<\/jats:italic> had a mutation at codon 139 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene. To gain insight in the current status of rodenticide resistance amongst <jats:italic>R.\u00a0norvegicus<\/jats:italic> and house mice <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic> in the Netherlands, we tested these rodents for mutations in codon 139 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene. In addition, we collected data from pest controllers on their use of rodenticides and experience with rodenticide resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1801 rodent samples were collected throughout the country consisting of 1404 <jats:italic>R.\u00a0norvegicus<\/jats:italic> and 397\u00a0<jats:italic>M.\u00a0musculus<\/jats:italic>. In total, 15% of <jats:italic>R.\u00a0norvegicus<\/jats:italic> [95% confidence interval (CI): 13\u201317%] and 38% of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0musculus<\/jats:italic> (95% CI: 33\u201343%) carried a genetic mutation at codon 139 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates genetic mutations at codon 139 of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene in <jats:italic>M.\u00a0musculus<\/jats:italic> in the Netherlands. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides is present in <jats:italic>R.\u00a0norvegicus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0musculus<\/jats:italic> in multiple regions in the Netherlands. The results of this comprehensive study provide a baseline and facilitate trend analyses of <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> codon 139 mutations and evaluation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies as these are enrolled in the Netherlands. \u00a9 2022 The Dutch Pest and Wildlife. <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T08:30:20Z","timestamp":1667118620000},"page":"989-995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Large\u2010scale identification of rodenticide resistance in <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i> and <i>Mus musculus<\/i> in the Netherlands based on <i>Vkorc1<\/i> codon 139 mutations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Inge M.","family":"Krijger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Pest and Wildlife Expertise Centre (KAD)  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Strating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Pest and Wildlife Expertise Centre (KAD)  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marga","family":"van Gent\u2010Pelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Unit Biointeractions Wageningen University  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo A.J.","family":"van der Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Unit Biointeractions Wageningen University  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleur H.","family":"Schroeten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Pest and Wildlife Expertise Centre (KAD)  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"de Cock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)  Bilthoven the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)  Bilthoven the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan G.","family":"Meerburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Pest and Wildlife Expertise Centre (KAD)  Wageningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Wageningen University &amp; Research Livestock Research  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410902989837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Rodent outbreaks: ecology and impacts","author":"Singleton GR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rice Res Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM).Staat van Zo\u00f6nosen 2016. 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