{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:28:06Z","timestamp":1791538086668,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stake surveys and in\u2010ground monitoring stations have been widely used to study field populations of many subterranean termite species, but thus far they have never been intercepted by the invasive Asian subterranean termite, <jats:italic>Coptotermes gestroi<\/jats:italic> (Wasmann), in southeastern Florida. To investigate the reasons for the inability of <jats:italic>C. gestroi<\/jats:italic> to intercept these in\u2010ground monitoring devices, we compared its tunnel geometry with that of the Formosan subterranean termite, <jats:italic>Coptotermes formosanus<\/jats:italic> Shiraki. Two\u2010year\u2010old incipient colonies of both species confined in simulated structural infestations were connected to planar arenas containing four wooden discs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Coptotermes formosanus<\/jats:italic> colonies constructed more abundant and more complex tunnel networks and intercepted more wooden discs than <jats:italic>C. gestroi<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>C. formosanus<\/jats:italic> propagated shorter primary tunnels and longer secondary tunnels with more branching frequency than <jats:italic>C. gestroi<\/jats:italic>, and probably adopted an area searching strategy to search for food in an area before moving on to other areas. In comparison, <jats:italic>C. gestroi<\/jats:italic> used a distance searching strategy by constructing linear and long primary tunnels to search for food at distance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because tunnels of <jats:italic>C. gestroi<\/jats:italic> were less abundant and they tend to travel straight for some distance, they may have bypassed survey stakes or in\u2010ground monitoring stations that are sparsely distributed in soil. The tunnel geometry of <jats:italic>C. gestroi<\/jats:italic> may explain why none of these in\u2010ground monitoring devices has been intercepted by this species in southeastern Florida. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T14:52:34Z","timestamp":1686063154000},"page":"3999-4003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A comparison of tunnel geometry between the Formosan subterranean termite and the Asian subterranean termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan\u2010Yao","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences  Ft. Lauderdale USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang\u2010Bin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences  Ft. Lauderdale USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/2.4.721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"A method to access, trap, and monitor field populations of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)","volume":"12","author":"Su N\u2010Y","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent121551-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Foraging population and territory of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in an urban\u2010environment","volume":"14","author":"Su N\u2010Y","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/22.5.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/25.5.952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/24.6.1520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/91.6.1383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"PetersBCandBroadbentS Evaluating a termite interception and baiting system in Australia Thailand and the Philippines Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests Singapore 11\u201013 July 2005 229\u2013232 International Conference on Urban Pests (ICUP)(2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/89.6.1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.2.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"Environmental factors influencing the foraging and feeding behavior of two termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in natural habitats","volume":"55","author":"Santos MN","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Characteristics of Coptotermes vastator (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colonies on Oahu, Hawaii","volume":"41","author":"Uchima SY","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Control of foraging colonies of subterranean termites Coptotermes travians (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Malaysia using hexaflumuron baits","volume":"39","author":"Lee C\u2010Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tow050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2005.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/87.2.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"AhmadSS LeeL OuimetteDandAminMJ Field evaluation of noviflumuron for controlling Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests Singapore 11\u201313 July2005 239\u2013241 International Conference on Urban Pests (ICUP)(2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"LeeC\u2010Y Evaluation of bistrifluron as an above\u2010ground bait against the Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi(Wasmann) in Malaysia Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Pacific Rim Termite Research Group 8\u201310 Feb. Kaohsiung Taiwan(2007)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","article-title":"Elimination of the Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) using above\u2010ground chlorfluazuron baits","volume":"102","author":"Rojo MJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philipp Agric Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11090569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120710-100634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3495774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1653\/024.099.0205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toad077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/tox282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Characterization of tunneling geometry of subterranean termites (lsoptera: Rhinotermitidae) by computer","volume":"44","author":"Su N\u2010Y","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2007.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X-30.3.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","volume-title":"The Fractal Geometry of Nature","author":"Mandelbrot BB","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01134490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Differences in tunneling behavior of Coptotermes vastator and Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)","volume":"43","author":"Grace JK","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13102\/sociobiology.v59i1.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Tunneling responses of the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi in termiticide\u2010treated sand (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)","volume":"50","author":"Yeoh B\u2010H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sociobiology"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.7594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:28:35Z","timestamp":1761053315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.7594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.7594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.7594","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}