{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:54:57Z","timestamp":1786978497832,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalent and repeated use of acetyl\u2010coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)\u2010inhibiting herbicides for\n                      <jats:italic>Bromus tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. control in fine fescue (\n                      <jats:italic>Festuca<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. spp) grown for seed has selected ACCase\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>B. tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the response of nine\n                      <jats:italic>B. tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations to the ACCase inhibitors clethodim, sethoxydim, fluazifop\u2010P\u2010butyl, and quizalofop\u2010P\u2010ethyl and the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor sulfosulfuron and (2) characterize the resistance mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Bromus tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations were confirmed to be resistant to the ACCase\u2010inhibiting herbicides tested. The levels of resistance varied among the populations for clethodim (resistance ratio, RR\u2009=\u20095.1\u201314.5), sethoxydim (RR\u2009=\u200918.7\u201344.7), fluazifop\u2010P\u2010butyl (RR\u2009=\u20093.1\u201340.3), and quizalofop\u2010P\u2010ethyl (RR\u2009=\u200914.5\u201336). Molecular investigations revealed that the mutations Ile2041Thr and Gly2096Ala were the molecular basis of resistance to the ACCase\u2010inhibiting herbicides. The Gly2096Ala mutation resulted in cross\u2010resistance to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides fluazifop\u2010P\u2010butyl and quizalofop\u2010P\u2010ethyl, and the cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides clethodim, and sethoxydim, whereas Ile2041Thr mutation resulted in resistance only to the two APP herbicides. All\n                      <jats:italic>B. tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations were susceptible to sulfosulfuron (RR\u2009=\u20090.3\u20131.7).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is the first report of target\u2010site mutations conferring resistance to ACCase\u2010inhibiting herbicides in\n                      <jats:italic>B. tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The results of this study suggest multiple evolutionary origins of resistance and contribute to understanding the patterns of cross\u2010resistance to ACCase inhibitors associated with different mutations in\n                      <jats:italic>B. tectorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u00a9 2023 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T04:50:07Z","timestamp":1686631807000},"page":"4025-4033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["First report of target\u2010site resistance to\n                    <scp>ACCase<\/scp>\n                    \u2010inhibiting herbicides in\n     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L","family":"Walenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University  La Grande Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University  Adams Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"544","volume-title":"Turfgrass History and Literature, Lawns, Sports, and Golf","author":"Beard JB","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Marketing Oregon grass seed in China: a two\u2010decade view","volume":"6","author":"Durham CA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Food Agribus Manage Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Oregon State University Oregon grass seed crop estimates for 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