{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T16:24:19Z","timestamp":1786206259465,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Root knot nematodes cause great damage to crops worldwide. Due to the negative effects of the application of fumigant and old chemical nematicides, biological nematicides have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Here we tested the fumigant activity of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) blends emitted from <jats:italic>Paenibacillus polymyxa<\/jats:italic> and pure commercial VOCs against <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we investigated whether <jats:italic>P. polymyxa<\/jats:italic> strain J2\u20104 could produce VOCs that exhibit nematicidal activity. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> assays indicated that J2\u20104 VOCs were highly toxic to second stage juveniles (J2s) and could inhibit egg hatching. Three\u2010layered pot experiments showed that the number of nematodes that penetrating in cucumber roots was reduced by 69.27% after the application of J2\u20104 VOCs under greenhouse conditions. We identified 14 volatiles using solid\u2010phase micro\u2010extraction gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. The efficacy of six commercially available VOCs, namely 2\u2010isobutyl\u20103\u2010methylpyrazine, 2,4\u2010dimethoxybenzaldoxime, 2\u2010dodecanone, 2\u2010tridecanol, 2\u2010tridecanone, and 2\u2010tetradecanol, against <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> were examined. Except for 2,4\u2010dimethoxybenzaldoxime, the remaining five VOCs showed strong direct\u2010contact nematicidal activity against J2s of <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>, and only 2\u2010isobutyl\u20103\u2010methylpyrazine showed strong fumigant activity against J2s of <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>. In pot experiments, 2\u2010isobutyl\u20103\u2010methylpyrazine and 2\u2010dodecanone reduced the number of root galls by about 70%, and 2\u2010tridecanone reduced the number of root galls and egg masses by about 63% compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Paenibacillus polymyxa<\/jats:italic> strain J2\u20104 exhibited high fumigant activity against <jats:italic>M. incognita.<\/jats:italic> Our results provide evidence for the use of J2\u20104 and its VOCs as biocontrol agents in the management of root\u2010knot nematodes. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:15:05Z","timestamp":1698624905000},"page":"1289-1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Volatile organic compounds produced by <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa<\/i><scp>J2<\/scp>\u20104 exhibit toxic activity against <i>Meloidogyne incognita<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University  Qingdao China"},{"name":"Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University  Dongying China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline\u2010Alkali Land  Dongying China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao 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