{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:48:39Z","timestamp":1792082919735,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Rodent management involves the use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). This use has resulted in the selection of numerous resistance alleles in the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene, encoding the target enzyme of ARs. In Africa, although rodents are a major problem as a consequence of their transport and transmission of zoonotic pathogens, and damage to crops, the use of ARs and the spread of resistance alleles are poorly documented. We attempted to address both issues in Chad which is one of the largest countries in Africa. Owing to its location at the crossroads of central and northern Africa, Chad is representative of many African countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a sampling of nearly 300 rodents composed of invasive and endemic rodents collected in six of Chad's largest cities, exposure to ARs was analyzed by their quantification in the liver; the spread of AR resistance alleles was analyzed by <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate the use of both ARs generations in Chadian cities and report the total sequencing of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> for 44\u2009<jats:italic>Mastomys natalensis<\/jats:italic> with detection of two different haplotypes, the sequencing of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> for two other endemic rodent species, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u2009<jats:italic>kollmannspergeri<\/jats:italic> and Arvicanthis\u2009<jats:italic>niloticus<\/jats:italic>, and finally the detection of three new missense mutations \u2013 V29E, V69E and D127V \u2013 in <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>.\u2009<jats:italic>rattus<\/jats:italic>, potentially associated with resistance to ARs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results should argue for the implementation of a reasoned management of rodent populations in Africa to avoid the spread of ARs resistance alleles. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:16:50Z","timestamp":1701303410000},"page":"5500-5509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exposure and resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in invasive and endemic Chadian urban rodent species to develop a rational management strategy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ali Barka","family":"Mahamat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National Higher Institute of Science and Technology  Abeche Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Groud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soudy Imar","family":"Djibrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National Higher Institute of Science and Technology  Abeche Chad"},{"name":"Food Quality Control Center  N'Djamena Chad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sionfoungo Daouda","family":"Soro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fourel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6033-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Rached","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Chatron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Benoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-0952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginie","family":"Lattard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRAe University of Lyon  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110301915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"An early warning system for IPM\u2010based rodent control in smallholderfarming systems in Tanzania","volume":"127","author":"Mwanjabe PS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Belgian J Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(01)00113-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03797-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/188517a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1668","article-title":"Mice are spreading despite such poisons as warfarin","volume":"3746","author":"Dodsworth E","year":"1961","journal-title":"Minic Engin Lond"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4041.1343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Resistance to warfarin in the roof rat in Sydney","volume":"9","author":"Saunders GR","year":"1978","journal-title":"NSW Search"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Anticoagulant resistance in house mice in Toronto, Canada","volume":"2","author":"Siddiq Z","year":"1982","journal-title":"Environ Health Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2012.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/64204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esv054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2022.105052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Control of Mammal Pests","author":"Myllym\u00e4ki A","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"460","volume-title":"in Ecologically\u2010Based Rodent Management, ACIAR Monograph 59","author":"Makundi RH","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19103\/AS.2016.0002.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Ecologically \u2013 Based Management of Rodent Pests","author":"Buckle AP","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2008.00979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49661-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Advances in Vertebrate Pest Management","author":"Newton I","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2015.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2022.907892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2011.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2008.00500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1382333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08653-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01488-1"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.7911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:08:28Z","timestamp":1761062908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.7911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.7911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.7911","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}