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Our previous studies showed that irradiation of <jats:italic>Cydia pomonella<\/jats:italic> males at a dosage of 366\u2009Gy X\u2010rays resulted in complete sterility. However, the mating competitiveness of sterilized males is significantly compromised, which can be attributed to a decline in their ability to fly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we examined the flight patterns of both male and female adults of <jats:italic>C. pomonella<\/jats:italic>. The results revealed significant variations in the average flight speed of both genders at different stages of maturity, with females displaying longer flight duration and covering greater distances. Effect of irradiation on the flight performance of 3\u2010day\u2010old male moths was further evaluated, as they demonstrated the longest flight distance. The findings indicated a significant decrease in flight distance, duration, and average speed, due to wing deformities caused by irradiation, which also limited the dispersal distance of moths in orchards, as indicated by the mark\u2010and\u2010recapture assay. Reverse\u2010transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a down\u2010regulation of flight\u2010related genes such as <jats:italic>Flightin<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>myosin heavy chain<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Distal\u2010less<\/jats:italic> following radiation exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings demonstrate that X\u2010ray irradiation at a radiation dose of 366\u2009Gy has a detrimental effect on the flight ability of male <jats:italic>C. pomonella<\/jats:italic> adults. These insights not only contribute to a better understanding of how radiation sterilization diminishes the mating competitiveness of male moths, but also aid in the development and improvement of SIT practices for the effective control of <jats:italic>C. pomonella<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T22:19:50Z","timestamp":1702246790000},"page":"1940-1948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Side effects of X\u2010ray irradiation on flight ability of <scp><i>Cydia pomonella<\/i><\/scp> moth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Sheng\u2010Wang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2010Han","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian\u2010Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing\u2010Ya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3919-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue\u2010Qing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11010038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Ecoloical factors determining distribution of the codling moth Lapspeyresia pomonella L. in the northern and southern hemispheres","volume":"46","author":"Shel'Deshova GG","year":"1967","journal-title":"Entomol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"New discovery of Carpocapsa pomonella L in China","volume":"04","author":"Zhang XZ","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Entomologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Research status and progress of codling moth in China\u2010CNKI based bibliometrics analysis","volume":"221","author":"Yang AJ","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Fruits"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"724","article-title":"Occurrence regularity of codling moth Cydia pomonella on pear fruits in Zhangwu County of Liaoning Province","volume":"45","author":"Fang Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Plant Protect"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485322000323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104925"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10090292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2012.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BakriA MehtaK LanceDR DyckVA HendrichsJandRobinsonAS Sterilizing insects with ionizing radiation. 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