{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:18:06Z","timestamp":1787599086419,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dinotefuran, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is approved for control of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (<jats:italic>Adelges tsugae<\/jats:italic> Annand), an invasive sap\u2010feeding insect that can kill eastern hemlocks (<jats:italic>Tsuga canadensis<\/jats:italic>). Dinotefuran is highly water soluble, facilitating more rapid translocation and HWA control than other neonicotinoids, but its persistence is not well\u2010known. Samples of needles and twigs were collected in spring 2021 from 50 hemlocks treated with a dinotefuran basal trunk spray in 2018 or 2019 (131\u2013145\u2009weeks and 85\u201393\u2009weeks before sampling, respectively). Processed samples were analyzed with ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC\u2010MS\/MS) and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dinotefuran residues were 4.6\u20136.1 times higher in needles than in twigs collected from the same trees. Average (\u00b1SE) residues in foliage samples collected from trees treated in 2019 ranged from 0.663\u2009\u00b1\u20090.243 to 0.564\u2009\u00b1\u20090.119\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, compared with 0.213\u2009\u00b1\u20090.033 and 0.225\u2009\u00b1\u20090.132\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in foliage from trees treated in 2018. Foliage residues from UPLC\u2010MS\/MS were consistently lower but strongly related to those from ELISA. Matrix effects appeared to disrupt ELISA analysis of twigs. None of the 25 trees treated in 2019 had live HWA when samples were collected in 2021 while low densities of HWA were observed on 52% of trees treated in 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dinotefuran was recovered from hemlock foliage, and to a lesser extent twigs, &gt;2\u2009years post\u2010treatment. This, along with its relatively rapid translocation, suggests dinotefuran is a viable option for protecting declining or heavily infested hemlocks from HWA. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T21:53:04Z","timestamp":1702417984000},"page":"1885-1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistence and recovery of dinotefuran in eastern hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis<\/i>) foliage and twigs by <scp>UPLC\u2010MS<\/scp>\/<scp>MS<\/scp> and <scp>ELISA<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Sasha","family":"Lepeschkin\u2010Noel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA APHIS PPQ, Forest Pest Methods Laboratory  Buzzards Bay MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah G.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Forestry, Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.2002.00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/19.1.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"USDA Forest Service Insects and Diseases: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid[Online]. 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