{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:37:46Z","timestamp":1773056266986,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201004516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201004516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020951","name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RQT00335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RQT00335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrated Pest Management (IPM) seeks to combine multiple management strategies for optimal pest control. One method that is successfully employed in IPM is the use of beneficial organisms. However, in severe circumstances when pest insects exceed threshold limits, insecticides may still need to be implemented. Thus, understanding the effects of insecticides on biocontrol agents, such as parasitoid wasps, is paramount to ensure sustainable agroecosystems. Sublethal effects of the bioinsecticide spinosyn, a mixture of the bacterial <jats:italic>Saccharopolyspora spinosa<\/jats:italic> (Mertz and Yao) fermentation products spinosyn A and D, on eggs of <jats:italic>Trichoplusia ni<\/jats:italic> (H\u00fcbner), a cruciferous crop pest, and its egg parasitoid <jats:italic>Trichogramma brassicae<\/jats:italic> (Bezdenko) was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> for spinosyn A and D (dissolved in ethanol) on <jats:italic>T. ni<\/jats:italic> eggs is 54\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Transcriptomics on caterpillars (1st and 3rd instars) that hatched from eggs treated with sublethal concentrations of spinosyn identified the upregulation of several genes encoding proteins that may be involved in insecticide resistance including detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P<jats:sub>450<\/jats:sub>s, glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010transferases and esterases. Sublethal <jats:italic>T. ni<\/jats:italic> egg treatments did not affect parasitoid emergence, however, there was a marked increase in the size of <jats:italic>T. brassicae<\/jats:italic> hind tibia and wings that emerged from spinosyn\u2010treated eggs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the caterpillar, treatment of eggs with sublethal concentrations of spinosyn may induce insecticide resistance mechanisms. For the parasitoids, their increased size when reared in spinosyn\u2010treated eggs suggests that the emerged wasps may have higher performance. \u00a9 2024 The Authors. <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T02:24:30Z","timestamp":1706754270000},"page":"2965-2975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of sublethal concentrations of the bioinsecticide spinosyn treatment of <i>Trichoplusia ni<\/i> eggs on the caterpillar and its parasitoid, <scp><i>Trichogramma brassicae<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8465-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science McGill University  Ste\u2010Anne\u2010de\u2010Bellevue Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science McGill University  Ste\u2010Anne\u2010de\u2010Bellevue Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Isabelle","family":"Lafleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science McGill University  Ste\u2010Anne\u2010de\u2010Bellevue Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diljot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science McGill University  Ste\u2010Anne\u2010de\u2010Bellevue Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline C","family":"Bede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science McGill University  Ste\u2010Anne\u2010de\u2010Bellevue Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-40-1-34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2010.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"339\u2010344","volume-title":"The British Crop Council Conference: Pests and Diseases Vol. 1","author":"Miles M and Dutton R","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.1998.2332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1526-4998(200008)56:8<696::AID-PS182>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1564\/16apl09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0958315031000140956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-27143-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.6.1638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni (H\u00fcbner)","author":"Capinera JL","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/91.3.699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-006-9048-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.croppro.2011.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Sylvar Loopex for control of the cabbage looper. (2016).https:\/\/www.sylvar.ca\/loopex."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database.Trichoplusia ni.https:\/\/www.pesticideresistance.org\/display.php?page=species&arId=336."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2021.103678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/tar.v26i2.8087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics, and Prediction","author":"Onstad DW","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1982.tb03183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22543\/0090-0222.2112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1673\/031.009.5101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iev072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018035626-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"275","volume-title":"The effects of spinosad to beneficial insects and mites and its use in IPM","author":"Miles M","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-0981-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toac072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.44.1.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25431\/1824-307X\/isj.v13i1.326-335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/jpestbp.2021.104822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jox11030007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(02)00147-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2005.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iey037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"EblingPM DedesJ RearingTrichoplusia ni. insect production services standard operating procedure (2015).https:\/\/d1ied5g1xfgpx8.cloudfront.net\/pdfs\/36012.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"AndrewsS FastQC: A quality control tool for high throughput seqence data. (2010).http:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gkv711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ml100016x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.9b00836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","article-title":"Development Team","author":"GIMP","year":"2023","journal-title":"GIMP"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jis\/5.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s000748531600033x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/97.6.1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/IJIS.S12531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/61848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2013.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1673\/031.013.13501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-019-02125-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.141895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2015.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2004.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2012.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.2001.2559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Effect of spinosad on the activities of juvenile hormone esterase and mixed\u2010function oxidases of Plutella xylostella","volume":"8","author":"Wei H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Pestic Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology","author":"Hammock BD","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.940140103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1584\/jpestics.R10-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/33.3.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2008.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781107280267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmz010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-020-02235-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2004.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2018.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12061392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02375134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.33.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.2000.00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/een.12502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-011-0695-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-94.1.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.818531"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8576","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000}}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.8004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:27:38Z","timestamp":1761060458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.8004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.8004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.8004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/ps.8576","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}