{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:21:12Z","timestamp":1790655672991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M741751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M741751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The endocycle can generate cells referred to as \u2018polyploid\u2019. Fizzy\u2010related protein (Fzr) plays an important role in driving the mitosis\u2010to\u2010endocycle transition. The brown planthopper (BPH), <jats:italic>Nilaparvata lugens<\/jats:italic> (St\u00e5l), a serious insect pest, feeds exclusively on rice. However, polyploidy and its regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood in BPH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we found that the ploidy levels of follicles H (FH) and accessory gland (AG) significantly increased with BPH age when examining the polyploidy of FH and AG of salivary glands. Fzr was identified as an important regulator for polyploidy in BPH salivary gland. Knockdown of <jats:italic>Fzr<\/jats:italic> resulted in a decrease in cell size and DNA content in nymph salivary glands. <jats:italic>Fzr<\/jats:italic> knockdown transcriptionally upregulated cyclin\u2010dependent kinase 1 (<jats:italic>CDK1<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>CDK2<\/jats:italic>, cyclin A (<jats:italic>CycA<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>CycB<\/jats:italic>, and downregulated <jats:italic>CycD<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CycE<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Myc<\/jats:italic> and mini\u2010chromosome maintenance protein 2\u20107 (<jats:italic>MCM2\u20107<\/jats:italic>). Phenotypically, <jats:italic>Fzr<\/jats:italic> knockdown significantly suppressed salivary protein production, feeding and survival in BPH nymphs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that BPH salivary glands exhibit obvious polyploidy, and Fzr positively regulates the endocycle in nymph salivary gland. These findings provide clues for the study of the regulatory mechanisms of insect polyploidy. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T06:03:54Z","timestamp":1725429834000},"page":"36-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Knockdown of <i>Fzr<\/i> inhibited the growth of <i>Nilaparvata lugens<\/i> by blocking endocycle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Haoli","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated 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