{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:27:55Z","timestamp":1791606475046,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sperm development and behavior present promising targets for environmentally safer, target\u2010specific biorational control strategies. Serine protease in seminal fluid proteins plays a crucial role in the post\u2010mating reproductive processes of lepidopteran pest insects. The <jats:italic>serine protease 2<\/jats:italic>\u2009has been identified as the initiatorin of the seminal fluid protein in Lepidoptera, and its loss of function leads to male sterility. Nevertheless, the genetic pattern of this gene mutation and the impacts of various mutant genotypes on the hatchability of the eggs of pests remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study focused on the cloning of <jats:italic>Spodoptera exigua serine protease 2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic>), which is specifically expressed in male moths. The open reading frame of <jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> consists of 843 nucleotides, encoding 280 amino acids with structural characteristics typical of serine proteases in the S1 family. To validate the functional role of <jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> in the fertility of <jats:italic>S. exigua<\/jats:italic>, a targeted ~3574\u2010bp deletion of <jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> was introduced using the CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing system, leading to premature truncation of the SeSer2 protein. The <jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> mutation had no significant impact on the growth and development of individuals of either sex. However, disruption of <jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> resulted in heritable male sterility. Although females mated with SeSer2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> knockout homozygote) males laid eggs normally, these eggs failed to hatch. SeSer2<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>SeSer2<\/jats:italic> knockout heterozygote) male moths crossed with female moths produced viable offspring, indicating the gene's recessive role in egg hatching.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings strongly support the conclusion that the Ser2 gene is essential for male reproductive success in diverse lepidopterans. Targeting the Ser2 gene holds promise as a foundational element of a novel pest control strategy. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T08:29:20Z","timestamp":1727339360000},"page":"498-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Disruption of <scp><i>Spodoptera exigua serine protease 2<\/i> (<i>Ser2<\/i>)<\/scp> results in male sterility by <scp>CRISPR<\/scp>\/Cas9 technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection. Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection. 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