{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:52:11Z","timestamp":1790189531439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Females of <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> transmit emerging arboviruses including Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Control of these adult mosquitoes heavily relies on synthetic insecticides, including pyrethroids. However, insecticide resistance development in populations poses a significant challenge to vector control, particularly from knockdown resistance (<jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>) mutations in the voltage\u2010gated sodium channel (VGSC), the target of pyrethroids. This study investigated the field efficacy of Permanone, a pyrethroid\u2010based insecticide, against <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> by assessing the impact of three common <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutations (V410L, V1016I, F1534C) on mosquito survival under a real operational mosquito control scenario, by quantifying the pesticide delivered in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Field cage tests (FCTs) were conducted while conducting a realistic mosquito control application. Female mosquitoes from six operational areas from Harris County, TX, USA were exposed to Permanone delivered with a handheld sprayer. Permanone deposited near the cages was estimated from aluminum boats placed in the field during FCTs using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS). Mortality rates were recorded, and individual mosquitoes were genotyped for <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutations. A probit regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing mosquito survivorship. As the distance from the application source route increased, the amount of Permanone deposited decreased, resulting in higher survivorship frequency of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> females with the triple\u2010resistant <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> genotype (LL\/II\/CC). The L allele at the 410\u2010site significantly contributed to an increased resistance level when co\u2010occurring with other <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study linked the survival probabilities of mosquitoes with different <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> genotypes, and the amount of pesticide they received in the field. Pesticide quantification, control efficacy results and genotyping allowed us to empirically determine the impact of genotypic resistance on vector control in the field. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T06:21:39Z","timestamp":1730182899000},"page":"923-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The V410L <scp><i>kdr<\/i><\/scp> allele in the VGSC confers higher levels of field resistance to permethrin in urban mosquito populations of <scp><i>Aedes aegypti<\/i><\/scp> (L.)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Jonathan R","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Texas A&amp;M University  College Station TX 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