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Here, using DNA\u2010based metabolic resistance markers, we assessed the efficacy of the dual active ingredients net Royal Guard against pyrethroids\u2010resistant malaria vectors in Cameroon, establishing its long\u2010term impact on mosquitoes' life traits after exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cone assays revealed low efficacy of Royal Guard against field <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> populations. However, analysis of the survival curves revealed that unexposed mosquitoes lived longer (11.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009days) than those exposed to Royal Guard (7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009days) (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20096; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05), indicating that despite the lower immediate mortality observed against resistant mosquitoes, there is a long\u2010term effect on <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic> longevity. High blood\u2010feeding inhibition rate was observed (44\u201380% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 11\u201341%), indicating that this net has a negative impact on blood meal intake. Additionally, female mosquitoes exposed to this net exhibited a 25% reduction in oviposition, 18.30% reduction in fecundity, 8.10% reduction in offspring, and a 74.74% infertility rate compared to the control. Genotyping of key resistance markers revealed that, metabolic markers and L1014F<jats:italic>\u2010Kdrw<\/jats:italic> are associated with the reduced efficacy observed, with homozygote\u2010resistant mosquitoes significantly more able to survive and live longer after exposure than homozygote\u2010susceptible mosquitoes (odds ratio\u2009=\u200915.79; confidence interval\u2009=\u20095.35\u201343.27; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that although pyrethroid\u2010resistant mosquitoes have higher ability to survive and live longer after exposure to Royal Guard, this net significantly affects their lifespan, blood\u2010feeding ability and interestingly reduces their fecundity\/fertility. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T06:59:21Z","timestamp":1737615561000},"page":"2165-2180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long\u2010term impact of exposure to <scp>Royal Guard<\/scp>, a <scp>pyriproxyfen<\/scp>\u2010based bed net, on pyrethroid\u2010resistant malaria vectors from <scp>Cameroon<\/scp> using <scp>DNA<\/scp>\u2010based metabolic resistance markers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0818-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie S","family":"Ngongang\u2010Yipmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1683-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magellan","family":"Tchouakui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D","family":"Menze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccado F","family":"Tiomela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Fofie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa B","family":"Ngannang\u2010Fezeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean L","family":"Mugenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flobert","family":"Njiokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Manual for monitoring insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors and selecting appropriate interventions(2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"WHO World malaria report 2023 [Internet](2023). 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