{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:33:18Z","timestamp":1788571998144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32360700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Discovering insecticidal proteins with high activity and strict insect specificity and applying them to the biological control of insect pests is of great significance. Oral LqhIT2 has insecticidal activity, which most other insecticidal neurotoxin proteins do not have, but the large\u2010scale preparation of the toxin is difficult and one of the obstacles to determining its anti\u2010insect potential for biological control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the expression level of recombinant LqhIT2 (rLqhIT2) in <jats:italic>Pichia pastoris<\/jats:italic> was as high as 1.4\u2009g\/L under high\u2010cell\u2010density fermentation conditions. A purified rLqhIT2 at a final concentration of 0.5\u2009ng\/mL inhibited the proliferation of insect Sf9 cells, with typical insect cell oncosis observed, while 200\u2009ng\/mL rLqhIT2 was non\u2010toxic to mammalian cells. The injection of silkworms caused the typical depressive symptoms of flaccid paralysis and death. At a dose of 1\u2009\u03bcg\/g body weight, 46.7% of the silkworms died within 48\u2009h after injection, and their mortality rate was related to the injection dose. Feeding purified rLqhIT2 to fifth instar <jats:italic>Pieris rapae<\/jats:italic> larvae demonstrated its oral insecticidal activity, with a mortality rate 66.7% after 3\u2009days of feeding at a concentration of 10\u2009\u03bcg\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> cabbage leaf.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rLqhIT2 has high insect cells specificity and insecticidal activity when injected and or delivered orally, and may have better application prospects than other reported insect neurotoxins. We describe a method for large\u2010scale production of functional rLqhIT2 by fed\u2010batch fermentation using <jats:italic>Pichia pastoris<\/jats:italic>, which will further facilitate its application in biological control of agricultural insect pests. \u00a9 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T03:45:11Z","timestamp":1735184711000},"page":"2266-2276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Scorpion insect neurotoxin <scp>LqhIT2<\/scp> is a promising oral biopesticide: high\u2010level preparation in <i>Pichia pastoris<\/i> and bioactivity assays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-4271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine  Huaihua China"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Jishou University  Jishou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine  Huaihua China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine, Jishou University  Jishou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-7195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanxian","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Biology Genetic Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170314144311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.12.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521741113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812138115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1830","article-title":"Evaluation of the ecological environment affected by Cry1Ah1 in poplar","volume":"12","author":"Movahedi A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-014-1497-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-018-0992-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2018.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-018-2484-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00148a025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00564-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-006-0431-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2014.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Expression, antiserum preparation and bioactivity assays of insect neurotoxin LqhIT2","volume":"24","author":"Li H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(71)80195-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)00130-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00977-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-019-00164-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03851-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2014.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-014-1466-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-024-04140-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(02)00105-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2003.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-5732-5"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.8626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:32:37Z","timestamp":1761042757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.8626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.8626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.8626","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}