{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:07:29Z","timestamp":1784542049232,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are a very effective tool to control rodent pest populations. Nevertheless, AR resistance has been documented worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ARs block the cycle of vitamin K, leading to the death of the animal by internal bleeding: mutations in\n                      <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene can cause resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The spreading of AR\u2010resistant rodents could lead to an increase of their populations, the associated diffusion of zoonotic pathogens, and to the amplified exposure of non\u2010target animals to ARs, thus it is important to study its diffusion widely. This study aimed to report firstly the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations in synanthropic rodents from the Emilia\u2010Romagna region, Italy, and evaluate their role in resistance by means of molecular docking analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 67 animals were analyzed: 24\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 35\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and eight\n                      <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AR resistance, in homozygosis or heterozygosis, were detected in 6\/8 mice, on codons 128 and 139, and 13\/24\n                      <jats:italic>R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , on codons 61 and 139, and in 10\/35\n                      <jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , on codon 59. Furthermore, several newly described missense mutations were detected in all the tested species: the molecular docking analysis suggests a role of some of these (e.g., I123S and F87L) in resistance to brodifacoum, both in rats and in mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The discovery of AR resistance SNPs in the 43.28% of tested rodents sounds as an alarm bell that requires the introduction of an integrated control approach, where ARs are not used routinely, but under specific monitoring evaluation. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T02:30:02Z","timestamp":1736994602000},"page":"2869-2880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["New polymorphisms of\n                    <i>Vkork1<\/i>\n                    gene related to anticoagulant resistance of rats and mice in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4101-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Reggiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia\u2010Romagna  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Rugna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia\u2010Romagna  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1665-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Polverini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Science University of Parma  Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Environment Center \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d  Crevalcore Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romeo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Environment Center \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d  Crevalcore Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale della Romagna  Ravenna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Dini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Galuppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Pampiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pest Management Consultant  Forl\u00ec Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Dottori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia\u2010Romagna  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8426-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Carra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia\u2010Romagna  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781786390981.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2020.101688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006829","article-title":"Rodent control to fight lassa fever: evaluation and lessons learned from a 4\u2010year study in upper guinea","volume":"12","author":"Mari A","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26496\/bjz.2012.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22815-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08653-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26638-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49661-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"VKORC1 mutation in European populations of Rattus norvegicus with first data for Italy and the report of a new amino acid substitution","volume":"29","author":"Iacucci A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hystrix"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"First record of VKORC1 sequence mutation associated with resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in italian individuals of Mus musculus domesticus","volume":"30","author":"Iannucci A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hystrix"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Valutazione della presenza di Ratti resistenti al Warfarin nella citt\u00e0 di Reggio Calabria","volume":"16","author":"Alessandroni P","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-019-02189-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Mammals of Italy: an annotated checklist","volume":"30","author":"Loy A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hystrix"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.040360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.169990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"REGULATION (EU) No 528\/2012 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal productshttps:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32012R0528."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Proroga dell'ordinanza 12 luglio 2019 concernente le norme sul divieto di utilizzo e di detenzione di esche o di bocconi avvelenati. (24A04460)https:\/\/www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it\/norme\/dettaglioAtto?id=102223."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc5667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-001-0399-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4020(80)80168-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/2.2.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-987X(19981115)19:14<1639::AID-JCC10>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-10-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2012.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5482\/HAMO-13-09-0047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2018.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2017.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026357"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.8652","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.8652","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.8652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T04:57:01Z","timestamp":1771304221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.8652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.8652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.8652","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}