{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:57:56Z","timestamp":1768921076598,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,22]],"date-time":"2004-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In laboratory, greenhouse and field tests, we determined the effects of combining full rates of the defoliants tribufos and thidiazuron and the herbicide thifensulfuron\u2010methyl with half rates of the insecticides lambda\u2010cyhalothrin or azinphos\u2010methyl, and the combination of tribufos and thidiazuron, both in half rates, on mortality of the boll weevil,\n                    <jats:italic>Anthonomus grandis grandis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Boheman and on the quality of defoliation. Tribufos, 0.47 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    exhibited a slightly toxic effect to boll weevil, while tribufos, 0.47 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    + lambda \u2212 cyhalothrin, 0.019 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , tribufos, 0.47 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    + azinphos \u2212 methyl, 0.14 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    + azinphos \u2212 methyl, 0.14 kg ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , provided control of boll weevil as good as or better than full\u2010rate azinphos\u2010methyl or lambda\u2010cyhalothrin alone owing to synergistic effects. Thidiazuron or thifensulfuron\u2010methyl alone or in combination with insecticides did not affect boll weevil mortality. Treatment with tribufos + thidiazuron, both at half rate, significantly increased defoliation compared to full rates of tribufos or thidiazuron alone, and provided adequate defoliation for approximately the same cost per hectare. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Society of Chemical Industry\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]],"date-time":"2004-04-15T05:03:22Z","timestamp":1082005402000},"page":"849-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (\n                    <i>Anthonomus grandis<\/i>\n                    ; Coleoptera: Curculionidae)\u2014laboratory and field studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Shoil M","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Sappington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary W","family":"Elzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alton N","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"774","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Williams MR","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Role of pyrethorids and a defoliant on bollworm incidence and yield of seed cotton","volume":"18","author":"Bhamburkar MW","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pesticides (India)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"525","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Hernandez\u2010Jasso A","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jpa1992.0268"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"1368","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Albers DW","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Williford JR","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","unstructured":"LukefahrMJ Factors related to the induction of diapause in the pink bollworm Ph D Thesis Texas A & M College College Station (1961)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/57.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Bariola LA","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","unstructured":"NilesGA HarveyLHandWalkerJK Cultural control of the boll weevil inThe boll weevil: management and strategies S Coop Series Bull 228 SAAESD North Carolina pp23\u201338(1978)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Direct effect and secondary action of defoliants on cotton pests","volume":"11","author":"Ismailov M","year":"1980","journal-title":"Khlopkovodstvo"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Effects of defoliants on sucking pests and predators in Uzbekistan","volume":"7","author":"Yuzbashian O","year":"1980","journal-title":"Khlopkovodstvo"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","first-page":"977","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Clark LE","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"1147","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Greenberg SM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/60.4.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/59.4.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/59.4.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/63.2.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"86","article-title":"Defoliants and granulated insecticides for the control of cotton pests","volume":"28","author":"Deryabin VI","year":"1974","journal-title":"Khlopkovodstvo"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Cotton insect management with special reference to the boll weevil","author":"Griffin JG","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Cotton insects and mites: characterization and management","author":"Powell JE","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2000)093[0610:PTFASD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","first-page":"947","volume-title":"Proc Beltwide Cotton Prod Res Conf","author":"Spurgeon DW","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/55.5.634"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","first-page":"1120","volume-title":"Proc. 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