{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:55:08Z","timestamp":1786978508432,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>False codling moth (FCM) is a polyphagous Tortricid moth that is a priority agricultural pest. Mating disruption shows potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable control option against FCM in stone fruit, table grapes and citrus. How the technique alters the mate\u2010finding ability of FCM and what factors are important to ensure the control success is uncertain. Recent work indicated that Lepidoptera are disrupted either competitively or non\u2010competitively. No studies have yet been conducted on FCM to determine its disruptive mechanism. However, studies conducted on closely related species have proposed and critically evaluated a framework, along with a dichotomous key, for distinguishing between the two mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A protocol for identifying the underlying disruption mechanism in other species is provided. Here the dosage\u2010response profile, the optimal dosage and optimal density were calculated from multiple mark\u2010release\u2010recapture (MRR) experiments, using sterile FCM. Stone fruit and table grape blocks were treated with increasing levels of pheromone dispenser densities, which allowed the level of disruption experienced (FCM caught in treated\/untreated blocks) to be calculated. While mating disruption proved highly effective in stone fruit and table grapes against FCM, the FCM followed a hybrid disruption profile and were disrupted competitively at low dosages and non\u2010competitively at higher dosages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The shift to non\u2010competitive disruption, which resulted in 99% disruption, was achieved at a dosage of 800 dispensers\/ha uniformly distributed and remained effective with as few as 36 pheromone release sites per ha. Mating disruption is, therefore, highly recommended to form part of the current integrated pest management program for FCM. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T10:10:10Z","timestamp":1746699010000},"page":"5316-5323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanisms mediating false codling moth,\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Thaumatotibia leucotreta<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (lepidoptera: Tortricidae), mating disruption using point\u2010source pheromone dispensers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0835-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vernon Murray","family":"Steyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daleen","family":"Stenekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9257-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoinette Paula","family":"Malan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8227-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Addison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvv052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Pheromone communication in Moths: Evolution, behavior, and application","author":"Evenden M","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.40.010195.003015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.1997.00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-008-9501-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-006-9136-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2015.00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4001\/003.026.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jen.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Disruption of male orientation to female false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using synthetic sex pheromone","volume":"23","author":"Hofmeyr JH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytophylactica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2024.106737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520964433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003422823340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-006-9134-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.2012.01309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908453107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-011-0051-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.2011.01178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.2005.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"SteynVM Integrated Control of False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia Leucotreta on Stone Fruit and Table Grapes. 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