{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:24:57Z","timestamp":1783023897821,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used globally to manage pest rodent populations. However, resistance to ARs in target rodent populations challenges pest control efforts and can increase risks to nontarget species. Resistance is frequently associated with nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the\n                      <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, and this study carried out the first\n                      <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                      survey of introduced rats on the Australian mainland.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified three species of introduced rat using the cytochrome\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene across Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney:\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Linnaeus 1758) (Lineage I);\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Berkenhout 1769); and\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Temminck 1844) (Lineage II). Three nsSNPs were detected in the\n                      <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene:\n                      <jats:italic>Tyr25Phe<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Trp59Arg<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Phe55Ile<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The mutation\n                      <jats:italic>Tyr25Phe<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which is associated with resistance to ARs, was identified in 58 of 108\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (53.7%) and one of 31\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (3.2%). It has been suggested that the mutation\n                      <jats:italic>Trp59Arg<\/jats:italic>\n                      (detected in two\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) can increase susceptibility to haemorrhage, whereas the mutation\n                      <jats:italic>Phe55Ile<\/jats:italic>\n                      (identified in only one\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) has not been reported previously. No nsSNPs were identified in\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is the first update to the resistance status of introduced rats on the Australian mainland since the 1970s and the first to employ genetic screening. The widespread occurrence of\n                      <jats:italic>Tyr25Phe<\/jats:italic>\n                      in urbanized areas of Australia suggests potential resistance to ARs is common in\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However, practical resistance conferred by\n                      <jats:italic>Tyr25Phe<\/jats:italic>\n                      needs further investigation as does the role of hybridization in the transfer of resistance from the\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                      to the\n                      <jats:italic>R.\u2009tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                      nuclear genome. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T02:39:04Z","timestamp":1748659144000},"page":"5827-5834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Detection of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Vkorc1<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    single nucleotide polymorphisms indicates the presence of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in Australia's introduced rats\n                    <sup>\u2020<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4473-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia F","family":"Gorbould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation and Biodiversity Research Centre, School of Science, Edith Cowan University  Joondalup Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quinton F","family":"Burnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation and Biodiversity Research Centre, School of Science, Edith Cowan University  Joondalup 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