{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:26:03Z","timestamp":1783023963447,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002865","name":"Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Bactrocera dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly adaptable invasive pest that causes significant economic losses. Long\u2010term chemical control strategies have led to high levels of insecticide resistance and severe environmental risks. C\u2010type lectins (CTLs), key pattern recognition receptors in insect innate immunity, are named for their calcium\u2010dependent carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and they play a critical role in detecting and binding to foreign pathogens. This study aims to identify\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      CTLs (BdCTLs) and investigate their roles in pathogen defense.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 42\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were identified. Based on the number of CRDs, 36 genes were classified into the S subfamily, while the remaining six were assigned to the X subfamily. Spatio\u2010temporal expression analysis by qPCR revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were expressed throughout all developmental stages with a higher expression observed in the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and fat body. The expression levels of\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S12<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S31<\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly upregulated under the infection of the entomopathogenic fungus\n                      <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S12<\/jats:italic>\n                      also exhibited upregulated expression patterns in response to four different pathogens bacteria with sustained expression over time. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we successfully knocked down\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S12<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression, achieving a silencing efficiency of 68%. Survival assays demonstrated a 10\u201330% reduction in the survival rate of\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      after pathogen infection following dsRNA injection compared to the control group. Further\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments confirmed that\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S12<\/jats:italic>\n                      can agglutinate and bind to pathogens in a calcium\u2010dependent manner. This binding was competitively inhibited by polysaccharides, underscoring a key functional mechanism of BdCTL\u2010S12 in pathogen recognition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In summary, we identified 42\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTLs<\/jats:italic>\n                      and demonstrated that\n                      <jats:italic>BdCTL\u2010S12<\/jats:italic>\n                      is critical for pathogen recognition and immune defense in\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying\n                      <jats:italic>B. dorsalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      immunity. Specifically, elucidating the role of\n                      <jats:italic>CTLs<\/jats:italic>\n                      may facilitate the development of microbial\u2010based biological control strategies (e.g., entomopathogenic fungi or bacteria) against this invasive pest. Additionally, RNAi\u2010mediated knockdown of CTL\u2010encoding genes could weaken the immune system of\n                      <jats:italic>Bactrocera<\/jats:italic>\n                      flies, increasing their susceptibility to microbial infections and thereby enhancing the effectiveness of biological control. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T07:17:16Z","timestamp":1748848636000},"page":"5864-5875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genome identification of C\u2010type lectins in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Bactrocera dorsalis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and functional characterization of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>BdCTL\u2010S12<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    with a broad\u2010spectrum pathogen recognition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZhengYang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GuiQiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HongBo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southwest University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"International China\u2010Belgium Joint Laboratory on Sustainable Crop Pest Control between Southwest University in China and Ghent University in Belgium Southwest University  Chongqing 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(Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southwest University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"International China\u2010Belgium Joint Laboratory on Sustainable Crop Pest Control between Southwest University in China and Ghent University in Belgium Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6355-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DanDan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection, Southwest University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southwest University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"International China\u2010Belgium Joint Laboratory on Sustainable Crop Pest Control between Southwest University in China and Ghent University in Belgium 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