{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:05:53Z","timestamp":1778040353053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1700700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1700700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The problem of resistance for fungicides has emerged in various plant pathogens and is a serious threat to crop protection. There is an urgent requirement to develop new fungicides to address the resistance issue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Novel spirocyclic butenolides containing rhodanine scaffold were designed and synthesized, their structures were characterized with hyudrogen (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H) and carbon (<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high\u2010resolution electrospray ionization\u2013mass spectrometry (HR\u2010ESI\u2010MS). The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antifungal activities were evaluated against five phytopathogens. These results demonstrated that most compounds exhibited remarkable antifungal activities. The median effective concentration (EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) data of compound <jats:bold>4a<\/jats:bold> were 0.39\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic>), 0.97\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>F.\u2009fujikuroi<\/jats:italic>), 0.98\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides<\/jats:italic>), 0.89\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>F.\u2009oxysporum vasinfectum<\/jats:italic>) and 0.84\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>F.\u2009oxysporum niveum<\/jats:italic>), respectively. Compound <jats:bold>4c<\/jats:bold> was the best active compound against <jats:italic>C.\u2009gloeosporioides<\/jats:italic> with an EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 0.27\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup>. The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antifungal activities of <jats:bold>4a<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>4c<\/jats:bold> were evaluated against <jats:italic>C.\u2009gloeosporioides<\/jats:italic>, the protective efficacies were 50.2%, 52.7% at Day 5 at a concentration of 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. The DFT results indicated that the two configuration isomers of target compounds have similar energies (\u0394<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.45\u2009kcal\u2009mol<jats:sup>\u20121<\/jats:sup>), which rationalized that two configuration isomers were coexistence in a similar ratio. The results of scanning and transmission electron microscopic observation indicated that treatment with compound <jats:bold>4a<\/jats:bold> and phenamacril had similar effects on the morphology and ultrastructure of mycelia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The excellent <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> inhibitory activities of novel spirocyclic butenolides containing rhodanine against <jats:italic>F.\u2009graminearum, F.\u2009oxysporum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.\u2009gloeosporioides<\/jats:italic> were reported, and they could be used as the potential lead compounds. \u00a9 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T02:35:56Z","timestamp":1749522956000},"page":"6117-6127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and <scp>DFT<\/scp> calculation of novel spirocyclic butenolide derivatives containing rhodanine as potential antifungal inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6765-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center of 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