{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T22:53:20Z","timestamp":1762296800665,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]],"date-time":"2004-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1087257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Psoroptes<\/jats:italic> mites (Acari: Psoroptidae) are important ectoparasites of mammals, and are of particular economic significance as the agents of mange in sheep. To be effective against mites, putative fungal biocontrol agents must be able to operate at the relatively high temperatures and humidities found at the sheep skin surface. To consider this, the growth rates of different isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Metarhizium anisopliae<\/jats:italic> (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) were compared and the pathogenicity of these isolates against <jats:italic>Psoroptes<\/jats:italic> derived from rabbits (<jats:italic>Psoroptes ovis<\/jats:italic> Hering, syn <jats:italic>P cuniculi<\/jats:italic>) were evaluated at temperatures between 28 \u00b0C and 40 \u00b0C, and when formulated in either Tween 80 or silicone oil. For this study four multi\u2010conidia, arthropod\u2010derived, isolates of <jats:italic>M anisopliae<\/jats:italic> were used: from the USA, France, Denmark and Brazil. One single\u2010conidia culture derived from the US isolate was also included in the investigation. Fungal growth was higher at the lower temperatures and none of the isolates grew at 40 \u00b0C. The growth of the US and single\u2010conidia isolate declined markedly with temperature. In contrast, the Danish, French and Brazilian isolates grew almost as well at 32 \u00b0C and 35 \u00b0C as at 28 \u00b0C and 30 \u00b0C. The French and Brazilian isolates showed some growth at 37.5 \u00b0C but the Danish and US isolates did not. The number of fatal infections which resulted from exposure of mites to the fungal isolates was also strongly influenced by temperature. At 30 \u00b0C all isolates gave between 70 and 90% infection. The number of infections declined with increasing temperature and no infections were seen at 40 \u00b0C. However, the French and Danish isolates of <jats:italic>M anisopliae<\/jats:italic> gave higher numbers of infections than the other isolates at elevated temperatures. When formulated in silicone oil, significantly higher levels of infection were obtained than when formulated in Tween 80, even at the relatively high temperature of 37.5 \u00b0C. It is suggested that high\u2010temperature adapted isolates of <jats:italic>M anisopliae<\/jats:italic> formulated in silicone oil offer good candidates as control agents under the conditions found at the sheep skin surface. Copyright \u00a9 2004 Society of Chemical Industry<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,15]],"date-time":"2004-06-15T15:41:36Z","timestamp":1087314096000},"page":"1043-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Growth and pathogenicity of isolates of the fungus <i>Metarhizium anisopliae<\/i> against the parasitic mite, <i>Psoroptes ovis<\/i>: effects of temperature and formulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Alexandra J","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Aquino","family":"de 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