{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T09:42:59Z","timestamp":1696758179420},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]],"date-time":"2011-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Peptide Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maurotoxin (MTX) is a 34\u2010residue toxin that was isolated initially from the venom of the scorpion <jats:italic>Scorpio maurus<\/jats:italic> palmatus. Unlike the other toxins of the \u03b1\u2010KTx6 family (Pi1, Pi4, Pi7, and HsTx1), MTX exhibits a unique disulfide bridge organization of the type C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>, C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>, C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and C<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub> (instead of the conventional C<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>, C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>, C<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>, and C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\uf8ffC<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>, herein referred to as Pi1\u2010like) that does not prevent its folding along the classic \u03b1\/\u03b2 scaffold of scorpion toxins. MTX<jats:sub>Pi1<\/jats:sub> is an MTX variant with a conventional pattern of disulfide bridging without any primary structure alteration of the toxin. Here, using MTX and\/or MTX<jats:sub>Pi1<\/jats:sub> as models, we investigated how the type of folding influences toxin recognition of the <jats:italic>Shaker<\/jats:italic> B potassium channel. Amino acid residues of MTX that were studied for <jats:italic>Shaker<\/jats:italic> B recognition were selected on the basis of their homologous position in charybdotoxin, a three disulfide\u2010bridged scorpion toxin also active on this channel type. These residues favored either an MTX\u2010 or MTX<jats:sub>Pi1<\/jats:sub>\u2010like folding. Our data indicate clearly that Lys<jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup> and Tyr<jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup> (two out of ten amino acid residues studied) are the most important residues for <jats:italic>Shaker<\/jats:italic> B channel blockage by MTX. For activity on SKCa channels, the same amino acid residues also affect, directly or indirectly, the recognition of SK channels. The molecular modeling technique and computed docking indicate the existence of a correlation between the half cystine pairings of the mutated analogs and their activity on the <jats:italic>Shaker<\/jats:italic> B K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel. Overall, mutations in MTX could, or could not, change the reorganization of disulfide bridges of this molecule without affecting its \u03b1\/\u03b2 scaffold. However, changing of the peptide backbone (cross linking disulfide bridges from MTX\u2010like type <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> MTX<jats:sub>Pi1<\/jats:sub>\u2010like type) appears to have less impact on the molecule activity than mutation of certain key amino acids such as Lys<jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup> and Tyr<jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup> in this toxin. Copyright \u00a9 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.1313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,12]],"date-time":"2011-01-12T02:45:24Z","timestamp":1294800324000},"page":"200-210","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the interacting surface of maurotoxin with the voltage\u2010gated <i>Shaker<\/i> B K<sup>+<\/sup> channel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ziad","family":"Fajloun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Andreotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Fathallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marc","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"De Waard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0491r.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00285-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0134(199711)29:3<321::AID-PROT6>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1720574"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01875319"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design: Animal Toxins and Potassium Channels","author":"Darbon H","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304271200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.18.13605"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006810200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02433-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3150977"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3280321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80029-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90452-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81761-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3961484"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Handbook of Toxinology, Animal Toxins: Tools in Cell Biology","author":"Sabatier JM","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020757"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02806021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"The isolation of nerve endings from brain: an electron microscopic study of cell fragments derived by homogenization centrifugation","volume":"96","author":"Gray EG","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. 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