{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:49:46Z","timestamp":1791305386251,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Peptide Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC is a cell\u2010penetrating peptide derived from the murine vascular endothelial\u2010cadherin protein. To evaluate the potential of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC as antimicrobial peptide (AMP), we synthesized <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC and its analogs with Trp and Arg\/Lys substitution, and their antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010neutralizing activities were investigated. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC and its analogs displayed a potent antimicrobial activity (minimal inhibitory concentration: 4\u201316\u2009\u03bcM) against Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacteria but no or less hemolytic activity (less than 10% hemolysis) even at a concentration of 200\u2009\u03bcM. These peptides induced a near\u2010complete membrane depolarization (more than 80%) at 4\u2009\u03bcM against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and a significant dye leakage (35\u201370%) from bacterial membrane\u2010mimicking liposome at a concentration as low as 1\u2009\u03bcM. The fluorescence profiles of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC and its analogs in dye leakage from liposome and membrane depolarization were similar to those of a frog\u2010derived AMP, magainin 2. These results suggest that <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC and its analogs kill bacteria by forming a pore or ion channel in the cytoplasmic membrane. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC and its analogs significantly inhibited nitric oxide production or tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 release in LPS\u2010stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells at 10 to 50\u2009\u03bcM, in which RAW264.7 were not damaged. Taken together, our results suggest that <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>VEC and its analogs with potent antimicrobial and LPS\u2010neutralizing activities can serve as AMPs for the treatment of microbial infection and sepsis. Copyright \u00a9 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.1408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T09:20:45Z","timestamp":1317288045000},"page":"812-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Antimicrobial activity, bactericidal mechanism and LPS\u2010neutralizing activity of the cell\u2010penetrating peptide <i>p<\/i>VEC and its analogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yong Hai","family":"Nan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010Materials Graduate School Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il\u2010Seon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010Materials Graduate School Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung\u2010Soo","family":"Hahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010Materials Graduate School Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song Yub","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio\u2010Materials Graduate School Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Chosun University  Gwangju 501\u2010759 Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2001.5316"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2003.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)80051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0449fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp064776j"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01326"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1727-1732.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi060487"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.8.2086-2092.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70226-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","first-page":"4827","article-title":"Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium\/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines","volume":"48","author":"Scudiero DA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2009.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413406200"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20660"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm800886n"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(99)00201-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76455-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2001.02494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(01)00429-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22810"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4157(98)00014-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(1998)47:6<451::AID-BIP4>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi991892m"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8159"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.150518097"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi048206q"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(97)78115-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022139"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.16.8856"}],"container-title":["Journal of Peptide Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpsc.1408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/psc.1408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T22:21:57Z","timestamp":1695507717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/psc.1408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/psc.1408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/psc.1408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1075-2617","1099-1387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1075-2617","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-07-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}