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Previous results showed that anoplin exhibits potent antimicrobial activity but little hemolytic activity. In this study, we synthesized anoplin, studied its cytotoxicity in Friend virus\u2010induced leukemia cells [murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells], and proposed its possible mechanism. Our results showed that anoplin could inhibit the proliferation of MEL cells in a dose\u2010dependent and time\u2010dependent manner via disrupting the integrity of cell membrane, which indicated that anoplin exerts its cytotoxicity efficacy. In addition, the cell cycle distribution of MEL cells was arrested in the G<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\/G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> phase significantly. However, anoplin could not induce obvious apoptosis in MEL cells, as well as anoplin could not induce visible changes on morphology and quantity in the bone marrow cells isolated from normal mice. All of these results indicate that anoplin, as generally believed, is a selective AMP, a value characteristic in the design of safe therapeutic agents. The cytotoxicity of anoplin on MEL cells was mainly attributable to the plasma membrane perturbation and also to the intracellular events such as the arrest of cell cycle. Although this is an initial study that explored the activity of anoplin <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> rather than <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, with the increasing resistance of conventional chemotherapy, there is no doubt that anoplin has desirable feature to be developed as a novel and selective anticancer agent. Copyright \u00a9 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T04:39:21Z","timestamp":1374467961000},"page":"566-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Novel cytotoxic exhibition mode of antimicrobial peptide anoplin in MEL cells, the cell line of murine Friend leukemia virus\u2010induced leukemic cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Li\u2010Na","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Proteomics &amp; Molecular Enzymology, School of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou 310018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai\u2010Yun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Proteomics &amp; Molecular Enzymology, School of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou 310018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi\u2010Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Proteomics &amp; Molecular Enzymology, School of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou 310018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Proteomics &amp; Molecular Enzymology, School of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou 310018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Ting","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University  Hangzhou 310018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Kun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Proteomics &amp; Molecular Enzymology, School of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou 310018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)80051-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401567101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/292246a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6475-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3011.2002.21008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(01)00271-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.2886-2891.1995","article-title":"Morphology of defensin\u2010treated Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"63","author":"Shimoda M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. 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