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The difference between peptides and proteins is primarily based on size and structure. Typically, oligopeptides consist of fewer than about 10\u201320 amino acids, and polypeptides consist of more than 20 amino acids, whereas proteins usually are made up more than 50 amino acids and often contain multiple peptide subunits as stated in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry rules. Beyond the nutritional properties, peptides are also structural components of hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antibiotics and play several fundamental physiological roles in the body. Since the introduction of the first commercial peptide drug, insulin, peptide\u2010based drugs have gained increased interest. So far, more than 80 peptide\u2010based drugs have reached the market for a wide range of conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and urological disorders. 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