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Peptide drugs have emerged as a focal point in precision oncology, combining the deep tissue penetration of small molecules with the high target specificity, low immunogenicity, and sequence designability of antibodies. This review systematically summarizes advancements in peptide\u2010based therapeutics for solid tumors from 2020 to 2025. These agents are categorized by function into five classes: tumor\u2010homing peptides, surface receptor antagonist\/inhibitory peptides, interfering peptides, peptide vaccines, and cell\u2010penetrating peptides as delivery tools. We also highlight the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in peptide design and discovery. 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