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Total scores are common clinical outcomes but may obscure important time\u2010based changes in items. We aim to analyze longitudinal disease progression based on MDS\u2010UPRDS parts 2 and 3 item\u2010level responses over time and as functions of Hoehn &amp; Yahr (H&amp;Y) stages 1 and 2 for subjects with early PD. The longitudinal item response theory (IRT) modeling is a novel statistical method addressing limitations in traditional linear regression approaches, such as ignoring varying item sensitivities and the sum score balancing out improvements and declines. We utilized a harmonized dataset consisting of six studies with 3573 subjects with early PD and 14,904 visits, and mean follow\u2010up time of 2.5\u2009years (\u00b11.57). We applied both a unidimensional (each part separately) and multidimensional (both parts combined) longitudinal IRT models. We assessed the progression rates for both parts, anchored to baseline H&amp;Y stages 1 and 2. Both the uni\u2010 and multidimensional longitudinal IRT models indicate significant worsening time effects in both parts 2 and 3. Baseline H&amp;Y stage 2 was associated with significantly higher baseline severities, but slower progression rates in both parts, as compared with stage 1. Patients with baseline H&amp;Y stage 1 demonstrated slower progression in part 2 severity compared to part 3, whereas patients with baseline H&amp;Y stage 2 progressed faster in part 2 than part 3. The multidimensional model had a superior fit compared to the unidimensional models and it had excellent model performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T15:10:29Z","timestamp":1658934629000},"page":"1382-1392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Application of longitudinal item response theory models to modeling Parkinson\u2019s disease progression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotian","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8406-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Path Institute  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn T.","family":"Stebbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1133-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn L. 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