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The development of drugs in ophthalmology, however, is difficult due to limited accessibility of the eye, in terms of drug administration and in terms of sampling of tissues for drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). Ocular quantitative systems pharmacology models provide the opportunity to describe the distribution of drugs in the eye as well as the resulting drug\u2010response in specific segments of the eye. In particular, ocular physiologically\u2010based PK (PBPK) models are necessary to describe drug concentration levels in different regions of the eye. Further, ocular effect models using molecular data from specific cellular systems are needed to develop dose\u2013response correlations. We here describe the current status of PK\/PBPK as well as PD models for the eyes and discuss cellular systems, data repositories, as well as animal models in ophthalmology. 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