{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:34:48Z","timestamp":1789169688390,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPT Pharmacom &amp; Syst Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    N,N\u2010dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic substance and is being used as a research tool in investigations of the neurobiology behind the human consciousness using different brain imaging techniques. The effects of psychedelics have commonly been studied using electroencephalography (EEG) and have been shown to produce suppression of alpha power and increase in signal diversity. However, the relationship between DMT exposure and its EEG effects has never been quantified. In this work, a population pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic analysis was performed investigating the relationship between DMT plasma concentrations and its EEG effects. Data were obtained from a clinical study where DMT was administered by intravenous bolus dose to 13 healthy subjects. The effects on alpha power, beta power, and Lempel\u2010Ziv complexity were evaluated. DMT was shown to fully suppress alpha power. Beta power was only partially suppressed, whereas an increase in Lempel\u2010Ziv complexity was observed. The relationship between plasma concentrations and effects were described using effect compartment models with sigmoidal maximum inhibitory response or maximum stimulatory response models. Values of the concentration needed to reach half of the maximum response (EC\n                    <jats:sub>50,e<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were estimated at 71, 137, and 54\u2009nM for alpha, beta, and Lempel\u2010Ziv complexity, respectively. A large amount of between\u2010subject variability was associated with both beta power and Lempel\u2010Ziv complexity with coefficients of variability of 75% and 77% for the corresponding EC\n                    <jats:sub>50,e<\/jats:sub>\n                    values, respectively. Alpha power appeared to be the most robust response, with a between\u2010subject variability in EC\n                    <jats:sub>50,e<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 29%. Having a deeper understanding of these processes might prove beneficial in choosing appropriate doses and response biomarkers in the future clinical development of DMT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T06:28:55Z","timestamp":1676010535000},"page":"474-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["N,N\u2010dimethyltryptamine affects electroencephalography response in a concentration\u2010dependent manner\u2014A pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Eckern\u00e4s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg 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