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Therefore, it is of interest to use patient\u2010reported outcomes like the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), which measures daytime sleepiness, as surrogate end points. We investigate the link between AHI and ESS, via item response theory (IRT) modeling. Through the developed IRT model it was identified that AHI and ESS are not correlated to any high degree and probably not measuring the same sleepiness construct. No covariate relationships of clinical relevance were found. This suggests that ESS is a poor choice as an end point for clinical development if treatment is targeted at improving AHI, and especially so in a mild OSA patient group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.13125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T03:39:37Z","timestamp":1710214777000},"page":"880-890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Item response theory analysis of daytime sleepiness as a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustaf J.","family":"Wellhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-8297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats O.","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3531-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Kjellsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Garmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Br\u00f6ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6955-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Nokela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1191-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerrit","family":"Weimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Yassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201912030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01018-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.13120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy064"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"1077","article-title":"The sleep heart health study: design, rationale, and methods","volume":"20","author":"Quan SF","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.3.8087345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"AokiY NybergJ KarlssonMO.Conditional individual weighted residuals for categorical and count data models. 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