{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T09:54:20Z","timestamp":1781690060937,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CPT Pharmacom &amp; Syst Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The accurate prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) is critical for compound selection and determining the human efficacious dose in drug discovery. Besides predicting the key PK parameters clearance (CL) and steady\u2010state distribution volume (V\n                    <jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), the prediction of exposure metrics, e.g., maximum and trough concentrations (C\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    , C\n                    <jats:sub>trough<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), are essential to evaluate efficacy and toxicity. Still, methods for predicting further PK\u2010shape\u2010defining parameters like absorption rate constant (k\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), central and peripheral distribution volume (V\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    , V\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and intercompartmental clearance (Q) remain underexplored. Thus, this work aimed to improve the prediction of respective parameters, building up on a published PK\u2010prediction\u2010framework. The updated framework leveraged a multi\u2010species PK model, enabling the joint prediction of shape\u2010defining parameters by incorporating allometric scaling, while keeping established mechanism\u2010based prediction methods for bioavailability (F) and CL. The performance of the multi\u2010species model was tested for 40 small molecules with known human PK profiles and benchmarked against the literature framework, published alongside the data. The new predictions showed a reduction in geometric mean fold\u2010error (GMFE) compared to the benchmark for both the predicted PK profile and its shape, associated with an improved prediction of Q and late concentrations (C\n                    <jats:sub>24h<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). The overall improvement was primarily driven by compounds, exhibiting inconsistent PK model structures across species when applying the benchmark method. Meanwhile, the prediction performance on other compounds remained comparable, making the integrated multi\u2010species PK\u2010model framework a promising approach for human PK prediction, especially in cases where difficulties in individual species model integration are faced or accurate trough concentration prediction is a priority.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T15:35:07Z","timestamp":1779550507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breaking Barriers Between Species: Integrated Multi\u2010Species\n                    <scp>PK<\/scp>\n                    Models Improve Human\n                    <scp>PK<\/scp>\n                    Predictions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8371-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam S. R.","family":"Happ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research DMPK, Global Drug Discovery Sciences Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"},{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"PharMetrX Graduate Research Training Program  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7000-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens M.","family":"Borghardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research DMPK, Global Drug Discovery Sciences Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kloft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"PharMetrX Graduate Research Training Program  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9970-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research DMPK, Global Drug Discovery Sciences Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9980-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research DMPK, Global Drug Discovery Sciences Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Himstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research DMPK, Global Drug Discovery Sciences Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Gerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research DMPK, Global Drug Discovery Sciences Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Ingelheim am Rhein Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118783344.ch14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.104238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270012440282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00892-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.833189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis: Concepts and Applications","author":"Gabrielsson J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009333209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270012440281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.113.054031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11587230-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.109.2841.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01062336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"W.Weber L.Harnisch M.Zimmer P.Crause andB.Katgely \u201cOptimization of a \u201cFirst Dose in Man\u201d Study Using a NONMEM Model for Mammals [Abstract]\u201d AtPAGE\u2010Meeting. (1995) https:\/\/www.page\u2010meeting.org\/default.asp?abstract=647."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"C.Efthymiopoulos V.Cosson andA.Bye \u201cThe Use of NONMEM in Interspecies Allometric Scaling\u00a0AtPAGE\u2010Meeting\u201d(1994) https:\/\/www.page\u2010meeting.org\/default.asp?abstract=872."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025728028890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-024-00717-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/nat.2022.0036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2005.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2001.00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2014.934671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.040766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36999-X"}],"container-title":["CPT: Pharmacometrics &amp; Systems Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/psp4.70262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/psp4.70262","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/psp4.70262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T09:08:31Z","timestamp":1781687311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/psp4.70262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/psp4.70262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/psp4.70262","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2163-8306","2163-8306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2163-8306","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-8306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70262"}}