{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T06:01:30Z","timestamp":1772863290155,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,27]],"date-time":"2003-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1048723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Propolis (PP) is a sticky substance that is collected from plants by honeybees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of PP on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AA, paracetamol) and the mechanism of its hepatoprotective effect. In rat hepatocyte culture, pretreatment with PP (1, 10, 100, 200 and 400 \u00b5g\/mL, 24 h) signi\ufb01cantly decreased the cytotoxicity of AA (0.5 mm) in a dose\u2010dependent manner. In mice, pretreatment with PP (10 and 25 mg\/kg, p.o., 7 days) also decreased the mortality and the incidence and severity of hepatic necrosis induced by AA (400 mg\/kg, i.p.). After treatment with PP for 7 days, the hepatic enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP\u2010glucuronyltransferase, phenolsulphotransferase (PST), glutathione S\u2010transferase (GST) were measured in both rats and mice. In rats, PP (50 and 100 mg\/kg, p.o.) decreased the activity of P4502E1, but signi\ufb01cantly increased the activities of GST and PST. On the other hand, in mice treated with PP (10 and 25\u00a0mg\/kg, p.o.), the activities of P4501A2, 2B1, 3A4 and 2E1 were dramatically inhibited, and the activity of PST was signi\ufb01cantly enhanced. These results suggest that PP has a protective effect on hepatic injury, and that its effect may be explained by inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. Copyright \u00a9 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,20]],"date-time":"2005-01-20T04:16:47Z","timestamp":1106194607000},"page":"250-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The protective effects of Propolis on hepatic injury and its mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kyung","family":"Won Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mijung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon","family":"Jung Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang","family":"Ro Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(83)90610-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00145-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Direct \ufb02uorimetric assay of a microsomal O\u2010dealkylation which is preferentially inducible by 3\u2010methylcholanthrene","volume":"2","author":"Burke MD","year":"1974","journal-title":"Drug Metab Disposition"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Methods for the quantitative morphologic analysis of tissues","volume":"4","author":"Chalkley HW","year":"1943","journal-title":"J Nat Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.5.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(74)90092-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Metabolism of cyclosporin A. 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