{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:14:26Z","timestamp":1772104466140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1050364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Natural aqueous crude extracts (NACE) of several Crassulaceae family plants have been applied as a vaginal contraceptive by the populace. The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibition of fertility in male Wistar rats and some physiological and biochemical changes in spermatozoa and epididymal plasma induced by NACE from <jats:italic>Kalanchoe gastonis bonnieri<\/jats:italic> (K. g. b.) (Crassulaceae). The NACE was obtained by mechanic pressure on grinding fresh plant leaves. Sublethal doses (150\u2013300 mg\/kg body weight) of NACE were orally administered to adult and fertile male rats daily for 30 days in a search for a contraceptive effect, and physiological and biochemical modi\ufb01cations on sperm cells and cauda epididymal plasma. The toxicity studies revealed that the lethal dose (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) calculated was 11 g\/kg body weight. Sublethal doses induced 50%\u2013100% fertility inhibition, with 100% recovery of fertility 30 days after stopping the treatment. The sperm motility, viability and spermatic density were also signi\ufb01cantly decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The outstanding biochemical change observed in the cauda epididymal plasma was a decrease of carnitine concentration. The NACE of <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gastonis<\/jats:italic> contains one substance active on fertility by affecting spermatozoa motility, viability and sperm density with a signi\ufb01cantly decreased carnitine and sialic acid (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) in the caudal epididymal plasma. Copyright \u00a9 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,25]],"date-time":"2003-04-25T13:26:04Z","timestamp":1051277164000},"page":"315-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Male rat infertility induction\/spermatozoa and epididymal plasma abnormalities after oral administration of <i>Kalanchoe gastonis bonnieri <\/i>natural juice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"de la Luz Miranda\u2010Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Puebla\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnoldo","family":"Guzm\u00e1n\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Huacuja Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Carnitine and its role in fatty acid metabolism","volume":"2","author":"Bremer J","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0720197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Male Contraception in Human Reproduction Conception and Contraception","author":"Hafez ESE","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(95)01231-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Crassulaceae: immobilization and agglutination effects of Echevenia gibbiflora aqueous crude extract on human spermatozoa","author":"Huacuja L","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adv Contr Deliv Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Contraceptive effect on the male wistar rat oral administration of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Crassulaceae plant aqueous crude extract","author":"Huacuja L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Cont Deliv System"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Immobilization, agglutination and structural effects produced by Kalanchoe blossfeldiana aqueous crude extract on human spermatozoa","volume":"8","author":"Huacuja L","year":"1995","journal-title":"Assist Reprod Technol Androlo"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02042.x","article-title":"Triptolide. A potential male contraceptive","author":"Lue Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Male infertility compounds from Tripterigium wilfordii (H ook E F)","volume":"47","author":"Matling SA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(76)90163-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Controls of Sperm Motility: Biological Aspects","author":"Oko R","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"A chinese herb effective in male fertility regulation","volume":"36","author":"Quian SZ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tripterigium wilforfordii."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(86)90076-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Toxicity of Kalanchoe spp to chicks","volume":"45","author":"William's MC","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Vet Rest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"298","article-title":"Studies on the reversibility of the antifertility effect of Tripterigium wilfordii","volume":"2","author":"Xu Y","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Contracept"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.1131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.1131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T18:50:31Z","timestamp":1700247031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.1131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.1131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.1131","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}}}