{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:09:39Z","timestamp":1760864979369},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]],"date-time":"2004-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan","award":["11671853 and 14370607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11671853 and 14370607"]}]},{"name":"Szeged Foundation for Cancer Research of the Hungarian Ministry of Health","award":["ETT 07\/1999\/2000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETT 07\/1999\/2000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fractionation of barbados cherry (acerola fruit, a fruit of <jats:italic>Malpighia emarginata<\/jats:italic> DC.) extracts were performed by organic solvent extractions and column chromatographies, using two extraction methods. Higher cytotoxic activity was concentrated in fractions A4 and A6 (acetone extract), and H3 and HE3 (hexane extract). These four fractions showed higher cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines such as human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC\u20102) and human submandibular gland carcinoma (HSG), when compared with that against normal cells such as human periodontal ligament \ufb01broblasts (HPLF) and human gingival \ufb01broblasts (HGF). HE2 (hexane extract), AE2 (ethyl acetate extract), AE3, AE4, AE5, A8, A9 and A10 showed some relatively higher anti\u2010bacterial activity on the Gram\u2010positive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> ATCC 1228 but were ineffective on the representative Gram\u2010negative species <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ps. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. The fractions were inactive against <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>, two representative Candida species, and human immunode\ufb01ciency virus (HIV). H3, H4 and HE3, which displayed higher tumor\u2010speci\ufb01c cytotoxicity also showed higher multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity, than (\u00b1)\u2010verapamil as positive control. ESR spectroscopy shows that the radical\u2010mediated oxidation is not involved in the induction of tumor\u2010speci\ufb01c cytotoxic activity. The tumor speci\ufb01c cytotoxic activity and MDR reversal activity of barbados cherry may suggest its possible application for cancer therapy. 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