{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T08:01:56Z","timestamp":1774425716040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":74,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extended\u2010spectrum <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid\u2010mediated class A enzymes commonly found in the family Enterobacteriaceae, mainly in <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Flavonoids have also been reported to possess antimicrobial activity. In this study, the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> activities of 18 antibiotics and 12 flavonoids against 20 ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates were evaluated. All of these isolates were susceptible to imipenem and cefmetazole, but were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin\/sulbactam, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, piperacillin and ticarcillin. Susceptibilities to amikacin, amoxicillin\/clavulanate, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were variable. Myricetin, a flavonol, inhibited ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates at a high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> value 256 mg\/mL), but exhibited significant synergic activity against ESBL\u2010producing <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> in separate combination with amoxicillin\/clavulanate, ampicillin\/sulbactam and cefoxitin. Because of the low\u2010toxic nature of flavonoids, the combination of antibiotics and flavonoids is a potential new strategy for developing therapies for infections caused by ESBL\u2010producing bacteria in the future. Copyright \u00a9 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T16:46:36Z","timestamp":1126629996000},"page":"612-617","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Antimicrobial activity of antibiotics in combination with natural flavonoids against clinical extended\u2010spectrum <i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing <i>Klebsiella 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