{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:05:02Z","timestamp":1790809502869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]],"date-time":"2006-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Plant Diversity Research Center of 21st Century Frontier Research Program funded by Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of Korean Government","award":["PF03208100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PF03208100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aldose reductase, the principal enzyme of the polyol pathway, has been shown to play an important role in the complications associated with diabetes. A methanol extract of the stamens of <jats:italic>Nelumbo nucifera<\/jats:italic> Gaertn. was shown to exert an inhibitory effect on rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), and thus was fractionated using several organic solvents, including dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2010butanol. The ethyl acetate\u2010soluble fraction, which manifested potent RLAR\u2010inhibitory properties, was then purified further via repeated measures of silica gel and Sephadex LH\u201020 column chromatography. Thirteen flavonoids: kaempferol (1) and seven of its glycosides (2\u20139), myricetin 3\u2032,5\u2032\u2010dimethylether 3\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucopyranoside (10), quercetin 3\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucopyranoside (11) and two isorhamnetin glycosides (12, 13) were isolated from <jats:italic>N. nucifera<\/jats:italic>, as well as four non\u2010flavonoid compounds: adenine (14), <jats:italic>myo<\/jats:italic>\u2010inositol (15), arbutin (16) and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010sitosterol glucopyranoside (17). These compounds were all assessed with regard to their RLAR\u2010inhibitory properties. Among the isolated flavonoids, those harboring 3\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010rhamnopyranosyl\u2010(1\u21926)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucopyranoside groups in their C rings, including kaempferol 3\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010rhamnopyranosyl\u2010(1\u21926)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucopyranoside (5) and isorhamnetin 3\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010rhamnopyranosyl\u2010(1\u21926)\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucopyranoside (13), were determined to exhibit the highest degree of rat lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, evidencing IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values (concentration required for a 50% inhibition of enzyme activity) of 5.6 and 9.0 \u00b5<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, respectively. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T19:46:36Z","timestamp":1154461596000},"page":"825-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Rat lens aldose reductase inhibitory constituents of <i>Nelumbo nucifera<\/i> stamens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Soon Sung","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Jung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sook Kyung","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Sil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Sue","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(75)85065-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Carbon\u201013 NMR Spectroscopy","author":"Breitmaier E","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)94189-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"ROS scavenging activity of nuts","volume":"21","author":"Guo C","year":"2000","journal-title":"Shipin Kexue (Beijing)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)45256-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000252j"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)99666-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(95)01234-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02975882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357011775983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts from various traditionally edible plants","volume":"37","author":"Liou BK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonggou Nongye Huaxue Huizhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00245-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4020(78)88336-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Antidiarrhoeal evaluation of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome extract","volume":"27","author":"Mukherjee PK","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(96)01455-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)00107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00215a032"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1573(200006)14:4<272::AID-PTR556>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90010-8"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.1847","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.1847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.1847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T06:37:27Z","timestamp":1696660647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.1847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.1847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.1847","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]]}}}