{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:47:56Z","timestamp":1789991276221,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,11]],"date-time":"2007-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1181520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Withania somnifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    (WS) is an important herb with known antiinflammatory activity. Its molecular mechanism of action has not been investigated. The effect of a WS crude ethanol extract was studied on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normal individuals and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and synovial fluid mononuclear cells of RA patients\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The WS extract significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IL\u20101\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and IL\u201012p40 in normal individuals and RA patients, but had no effect on IL\u20106 production at the protein and transcript level. WS also suppressed LPS activated nitric oxide production in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. The extract inhibited nuclear translocation of the transcription factors NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B and AP\u20101 and phosphorylation of I\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in normal and RA patients' mononuclear cells. HPLC analysis of the crude extract showed the presence of withaferin A and pure withaferin A also inhibited NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B translocation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The study demonstrated that the WS crude ethanol extract suppressed the production of proinflammatory molecules\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This activity is partly through the inhibition of transcription factors NF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                    B and AP\u20101 by the constituent withanolide. The role of additional constituents needs to be studied. Studies on the mechanism of action of the extract may yield potentially useful compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,11]],"date-time":"2007-06-11T11:17:35Z","timestamp":1181560655000},"page":"905-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["<i>Withania somnifera<\/i>\n                    inhibits NF\u2010\n                    <i>\u03ba<\/i>\n                    B and AP\u20101 transcription factors in human peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sita","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"607","article-title":"Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera) root","volume":"38","author":"Andallu B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00107-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Long\u2010term effect of herbal drug Withania somnifera on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats","volume":"26","author":"Begum VH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera","volume":"35","author":"Bhattacharya SK","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of mononuclear cells by centrifugation, and sedimentation at 1 g","volume":"97","author":"Boyum A","year":"1968","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2196::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.52.1358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00206-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)00072-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)00151-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0096"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606728200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A review","volume":"5","author":"Mishra LC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann T","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2002.5191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.25730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np060147p"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.002211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37600-7","article-title":"Role of transcription factor NF\u2010\u03baB\/ Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"269","author":"Xie Q","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.50.760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(95)01318-0"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.2180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.2180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T15:28:59Z","timestamp":1699975739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.2180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.2180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.2180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,20]]}}}