{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:06:15Z","timestamp":1778893575904,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,29]],"date-time":"2008-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of yeast hydrolysate on appetite regulation mechanisms in the central nervous system, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) of the hypothalamus were examined. Male Sprague\u2010Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to five groups: control (normal diet), BY\u20101 and BY\u20102 (normal diet with oral administration of 0.1 g and 1.0 g of yeast hydrolysate &lt;10 kDa\/kg body weight, respectively), AY\u20101 and AY\u20102 (normal diet with oral administration of 0.1 g and 1.0 g of yeast hydrolysate 10\u201330 kDa\/kg body weight, respectively). The body weight gain in the BY groups was less than that in the control. In particular, the weight gain of the BY\u20102 group (133.0 \u00b1 5.1 g) was significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) than that of the control group (150.1 \u00b1 3.7 g). Among the test groups, the BY\u20102 group was shown to have significantly lower triacylglycerol (TG) levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) than the other groups. The staining intensities and optical densities of NOS neurons in the PVN of the AY group were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) than in the control and BY groups. The staining intensities and optical densities of VIP immunoreactivity in the PVN and VMH of the BY groups were higher than those of the AY groups and the control. In conclusion, these results indicated that yeast hydrolysate of &lt;10 kDa reduced the body weight gain and body fat in normal diet\u2010fed rats and increased the lipid energy metabolism by altering the expression of NOS and VIP in neurons. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,29]],"date-time":"2008-10-29T15:18:22Z","timestamp":1225293502000},"page":"1417-1422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Appetite suppressive effects of yeast hydrolysate on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"E. Y.","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. S.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U. J.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01954-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80733-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.20.6.0383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.suppl_1.144S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"High gravity brewing: influence of pitching rate and wort gravity on early yeast viability","volume":"41","author":"Casey GP","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Soc Brewing Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"New developments in breadmaking","volume":"72","author":"Chell M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Food Manufact"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.2.355","article-title":"Effects of long\u2010term moderate food restriction on growth, serum factors, lipogenic enzymes and adiposity glucose metabolism in lean and obese Zucker rats","volume":"117","author":"Claery MP","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.4.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1999.00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11suppl_2s120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90173-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(94)90030-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1582"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.69.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.9.1414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35007508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(89)90331-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-8-3-256"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90534-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90018-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"R164","article-title":"Effect of competitive antagonism of NO synthetase on weight and food intake in obese and diabetic mice","volume":"266","author":"Morley JE","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(92)90019-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.38.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90038-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(05)80006-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(83)90085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1723(00)80040-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90422-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00017-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00254497"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.2264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.2264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T17:47:48Z","timestamp":1700070468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.2264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.2264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.2264","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,29]]}}}