{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:38:02Z","timestamp":1773283082148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> preparations are available on the market for the prevention and treatment of cold and 'flu symptoms and inflammatory conditions associated with infections. Most of these preparations are consumed orally in the form of aqueous or ethanol extracts and tinctures. Since the recommended consumption normally involves a brief local exposure to the diluted preparation at an unspecified time in relation to the actual infection, then it is important that experimental models for the evaluation of <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> reflect these limitations. A line of human bronchial epithelial cells, in which rhinoviruses stimulate the production of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, was used to evaluate several relevant parameters. The chemically characterized <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> preparation (<jats:italic>Echinaforce<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) was capable of inhibiting completely the rhinovirus induced secretion of IL\u20106 (interleukin\u20106) and IL\u20108 (chemokine CXCL\u20108) in these cells, regardless of whether the <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> was added before or after virus infection, and in response to a range of virus doses. This inhibitory effect was also manifest under conditions resembling normal consumption with respect to the duration of exposure to <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> dilution. It is concluded that under real life conditions of <jats:italic>Echinacea<\/jats:italic> consumption, the virus\u2010induced stimulation of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines can be effectively reversed or alleviated. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T12:25:23Z","timestamp":1230035123000},"page":"863-867","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>Echinacea<\/i> as an antiinflammatory agent: the influence of physiologically relevant parameters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Schoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Y07-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357056127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1998-0691.ch012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011439t"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01059-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0703315","article-title":"Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease clinical background","volume":"75","author":"Message SD","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-970OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2006.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70160-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1824"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200701734919"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200500406354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981531"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.2714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.2714","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.2714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T07:38:05Z","timestamp":1697096285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.2714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.2714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.2714","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]}}}