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(Anacardiaceae) is an important representative of the genus<jats:italic>Rhus<\/jats:italic>, which contains over 250 individual species found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide.<jats:italic>Rhus chinensis<\/jats:italic>has long been used by folk medicine practitioners in Asia. Leaves, roots, stem, bark, fruit and particularly the galls on<jats:italic>Rhus chinensis<\/jats:italic>leaves,<jats:italic>Galla chinensis<\/jats:italic>, are recognized to have preventative and therapeutic effects on different ailments (such as diarrhea, dysentery, rectal and intestinal cancer, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, oral diseases and inflammation). However, it is critical to separate evidence from anecdote. Fortunately, recent scientific research has revealed that<jats:italic>Rhus chinensis<\/jats:italic>compounds possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities. Moreover, compounds isolated from the stem of<jats:italic>Rhus chinensis<\/jats:italic>significantly suppressed HIV\u20101 activity<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Compounds from this plant were also found to inhibit enamel demineralization<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and enhance remineralization of dental enamel with fluoride. This review highlights claims from traditional and tribal medicinal lore and makes a contemporary summary of phytochemical, biological and pharmacological findings on this plant material. It aims to show that the pharmaceutical potential of this plant deserves closer attention. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,17]],"date-time":"2010-06-17T15:50:48Z","timestamp":1276789848000},"page":"1739-1747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["<i>Rhus chinensis<\/i>and<i>Galla Chinensis<\/i>\u2013 folklore to modern evidence: review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Odilon","family":"Djakpo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weirong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1643","article-title":"Medicinal plants used for the treatment of jaundice and hepatitis based on socio\u2010economic documentation","volume":"8","author":"Abbasi AM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08910609409141363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1998.00363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2004.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.2155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"Inhibition by galloylglucose (GG6\u201010) of tumor invasion through extracellular matrix and gelatinase\u2010mediated degradation of type IV collagens by metastatic tumor cells","volume":"8","author":"Ata N","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oncol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.21.990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2394183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"4528","article-title":"Inhibition of oxidative stress in HeLa cells by chemopreventive agents","volume":"53","author":"Bhimani RS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of antidiarroeal activity of Rhus semilata fruit extract in rat","volume":"5","author":"Bose SK","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00565801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212042200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00513-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of medicinal herbs against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella gallinarum","volume":"30","author":"Choi II","year":"2002","journal-title":"San'oeb misaengmul haghoeji"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14051773"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement)","author":"Chopra RN","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2006.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408699891274273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2004.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Medicinal Plants of China","author":"Duke JA","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(01)00332-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(99)00110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicines","author":"Gao XM","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90135-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"GRIN:Germplasm Resources Information Network \u2013 (GRIN). 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