{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:07:33Z","timestamp":1788433653721,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Urginea indica<\/jats:italic>Kunth. (Family; Liliaceae) was studied for its gastrointestinal stimulant effect to rationalize the traditional medicinal uses as a digestive aid, stomachic and laxative. The crude aqueous\u2010methanol extract of<jats:italic>Urginea indica<\/jats:italic>bulb (Ui.Cr) was tested on mice and isolated gut preparations. Ui.Cr, which was tested positive for alkaloids, tannins and coumarins, increased faecal output and accelerated charcoal meal transit in mice (6\u201312\u2009mg\/kg, p.o.), similar to that caused by carbachol (10\u2009mg\/kg). Ui.Cr (0.01\u20131\u2009mg\/mL) caused a spasmogenic effect in guinea\u2010pig ileum that was reproduced in rabbit jejunum (0.01\u20130.3\u2009mg\/mL) followed by relaxation at a higher concentration. Like carbachol, the stimulant effect of Ui.Cr was blocked by atropine, suggesting the activation of muscarinic receptors mediating the prokinetic effect. Ui.Cr (0.01\u20135.0\u2009mg\/mL) also inhibited K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>(80\u2009m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>)\u2010induced contraction in rabbit jejunum and shifted the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>concentration\u2010response curves to the right, similar to verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. These data, indicating the presence of a gastrointestinal stimulant effect in<jats:italic>Urginea indica<\/jats:italic>possibly mediated through a cholinergic mechanism, provide a rationale for the use of<jats:italic>Urginea indica<\/jats:italic>in indigestion and constipation. The presence of a calcium antagonist effect in the plant may help to alleviate untoward effects of the plant that may result from an excessive increase in gut motility. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T08:49:32Z","timestamp":1318927772000},"page":"704-708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Gastrointestinal Stimulant Effect of<i>Urginea indica<\/i>Kunth. and Involvement of Muscarinic Receptors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Saima","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samra","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan"},{"name":"Natural Product Research Unit Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences the Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Research Unit Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences the Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik Hassan","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Research Unit Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences the Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwarul Hassan","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Research Unit Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences the Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Pakistan","author":"Baquar SR","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brown JH","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Trease and Evan's Pharmacognosy","author":"Evans WC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(91)90331-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22499-5","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a mediator of bisacodyl and phenolphthalein laxative action: induction of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"270","author":"Gaginella TS","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00288-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1986.tb09476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199706)11:4<307::AID-PTR42>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants","author":"Kapoor LD","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Indian Medicinal Plants","author":"Kirtikar KR","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1466-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"A Hand Book of Medicinal Plants \u2013 A Complete Source Book","author":"Prajapati ND","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bp050305n"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Indusyunic Medicine","author":"Usmanghani K","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cumulative dose\u2010response curves. 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