{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:52Z","timestamp":1786978372327,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was aimed to provide the pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of\n                    <jats:italic>Lepidium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in diarrhea using\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays. The seed extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Lepidium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ls.Cr) at 100 and 300\u2009mg\/kg inhibited castor oil\u2010induced diarrhea in rats. In isolated rat ileum, Ls.Cr (0.01\u20135\u2009mg\/mL) reversed carbachol (CCh, 1\u2009\u00b5\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) and K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (80\u2009m\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    )\u2010induced contractions with higher potency against CCh, similar to dicyclomine. Preincubation of rat ileum with a lower concentration of Ls.Cr (0.03\u2009mg\/mL) caused a rightward parallel shift in the concentration\u2013response curves (CRCs) of CCh without suppression of the maximum response, while at the next higher concentration (0.1\u2009mg\/mL), it produced a non\u2010parallel rightward shift with suppression of the maximum response, similar to that of dicyclomine. Ls.Cr shifted the CRCs of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n                    to the right with suppression of the maximum response, similar to verapamil. These data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Lepidium sativum<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed extract possesses antidiarrheal and spasmolytic activities mediated possibly through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n                    channels, though additional mechanism(s) cannot be ruled out and this study explains its medicinal use in diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T05:18:06Z","timestamp":1318915086000},"page":"136-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Studies on Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Activities of\n                    <i>Lepidium sativum<\/i>\n                    Crude Extract in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Najeeb\u2010ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences The Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi\u201074800 Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Karachi\u201075270 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik Hassan","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Product 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