{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:28:08Z","timestamp":1759530488811},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> effects of a purified saponin mixture (PSM), obtained from <jats:italic>Astragalus corniculatus<\/jats:italic> Bieb., were investigated using two <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> hepatotoxicity models based on liver damage caused by paracetamol (PC) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>). The effects of PSM were compared with silymarin. Male Wistar rats were challenged orally with 20% CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> or PC (2 g\/kg) four days after being pre\u2010treated with PSM (100 mg\/kg) or silymarin (200 mg\/kg). A significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels and an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) quantity was observed after CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and PC administration alone. PSM pre\u2010treatment decreased serum transaminases and LDH activities and MDA levels and increased the levels of cell protector GSH. Biotransformation phase I enzymes were also assessed in both models. In the CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> hepatotoxicity model, pre\u2010treatment with PSM or silymarin resulted in significantly increased activities of ethylmorphine\u2010N\u2010demethylase and aniline 4\u2010hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P450, compared to the CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> only group. Neither silymarin nor PSM influenced PC biotransformation. Our results suggest that PSM, obtained <jats:italic>from A. corniculatus<\/jats:italic>, Bieb. showed <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and PC\u2010induced liver damage comparable to that of silymarin. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T22:27:06Z","timestamp":1342823226000},"page":"731-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Protective Effects of a Purified Saponin Mixture from <i>Astragalus corniculatus<\/i> Bieb., <i>in vivo<\/i> Hepatotoxicity Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Vessela","family":"Vitcheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University  2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rumyana","family":"Simeonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University  2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilina","family":"Krasteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University  2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Nikolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University  2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitka","family":"Mitcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University  2 Dunav St. 1000 Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9443-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"997","article-title":"Role of glutathione in the hypoxic cell cytotoxicity of misonidazole","volume":"43","author":"Bump EA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Effects of Astragalus membrenaceous on left ventricular function and oxygen free radical in acute myocardial infarction patients and mechanism of its cardiotonic action","volume":"15","author":"Chen L","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chung Kuo Chung Hsil Chien Ho Tsa Chih"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Council of Europe.European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes. 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