{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:11:32Z","timestamp":1761718292697,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81303246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81303246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BK2011815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK2011815"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province","award":["12KJB360008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12KJB360008"]}]},{"name":"Qing Lan\u2019 project of the Jiangsu Provincial Framework Teacher Support Scheme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginseng total saponins (GTS) are principal bioactive ingredients of <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant effect of GTS on the corticosterone\u2010induced mouse depression model and explored the underlying mechanism. Corticosterone (20\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) was subcutaneously administered for 22 d to induce the model, before doses of GTS (12.5, 25, and 50\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) or fluoxetine (10\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were subsequently given by gavage. On day 20 and 21, depression\u2010like behavior was observed via a forced swimming test and a tail suspension test respectively. At 6\u2009h after the last dose of corticosterone (day 22), all mice were sacrificed followed by serum corticosterone assays and Western blot analysis. The results showed that GTS (25 and 50\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) treatments relieved depression\u2010like behavior without altering the elevated serum corticosterone levels. Furthermore, GTS treatments raised the down\u2010regulated levels of hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase\u20103\u03b2 (GSK\u20103\u03b2) inhibitory phosphorylation. In contrast, fluoxetine (10\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> d<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) treatment reversed the increased corticosterone level and had no effect on the decreased GSK\u20103\u03b2 inhibitory phosphorylation. These findings confirmed the antidepressant effect of GTS in the corticosterone\u2010induced mouse depression model. Enhancing GSK\u20103\u03b2 inhibitory phosphorylation may be one of the underlying mechanisms. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T07:45:26Z","timestamp":1386920726000},"page":"1102-1106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Antidepressant Effects of Ginseng Total Saponins in Male C57BL\/6\u2009N Mice by Enhancing Hippocampal Inhibitory Phosphorylation of GSK\u20103\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathological Sciences, Basic Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Research, Basic Medical College Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 210023 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]]},"reference":[{"first-page":"367","volume-title":"China Pharmacopoeia","year":"2010","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4753-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2010.7.3.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.12.005"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.5103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.5103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.5103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:55:11Z","timestamp":1696467311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.5103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.5103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.5103","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0951-418X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1573"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]]}}}