{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:35:37Z","timestamp":1790361337036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]],"date-time":"2014-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In addition to CYP2E1, several CYP isoenzymes, notably CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4, are suggested to contribute in acetaminophen oxidation and formation of the hepatotoxic metabolite N\u2010acetyl\u2010p\u2010benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). The<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>CYP2E1 inhibitory potentials of fennel and raspberry leaf, herbs previously found to inhibit CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 activities<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, were investigated. Extracts from commercially available herbal products were incubated with recombinant cDNA\u2010expressed human CYP2E1. A validated LC\/MS\/MS methodology was applied for determination of 6\u2010hydroxychlorzoxazone formation with disulfiram used as a positive inhibitory control. CYP2E1 IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>inhibition constants were found to be 23 \u00b1 4 and 27 \u00b1 5 \u00b5g\/ml for fennel and raspberry leaf, respectively, constants significantly lower than those presented in the literature for other herbal extracts. Together with previous findings, the presented<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>data for CYP2E1 inhibition suggest that fennel and raspberry leaf have a significant potential of inhibiting all the major metabolic pathways for acetaminophen oxidation and NAPQI formation. Both herbs should be further investigated for their<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>ability of inhibiting acetaminophen oxidation and NAPQI formation. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T02:22:45Z","timestamp":1390530165000},"page":"1573-1576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fennel and Raspberry Leaf as Possible Inhibitors of Acetaminophen Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Astrid Jordet","family":"Langhammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odd Georg","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.56808\/3027-7922.2142","article-title":"Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 in vitro by Phyllanthus amarus and Phyllanthus emblica aqueous extracts","volume":"36","author":"Anannarukan N","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thai J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60274-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration US Department of Health and Human Services.2001.Guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation. 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