{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:36:20Z","timestamp":1785908180207,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants are increasingly of interest as novel source of drugs for antiherpetic agents, because herpes simplex virus (HSV) might develop resistance to commonly used antiviral drugs. An aqueous extract of <jats:italic>Melissa officinalis<\/jats:italic> and the phenolic compounds caffeic acid, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV\u20101) acyclovir\u2010sensitive and clinical isolates of acyclovir\u2010resistant strains <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. When drugs were added during the intracellular replication of HSV\u20101 infected cells, no antiviral effect was observed by plaque reduction assay. However, <jats:italic>Melissa<\/jats:italic> extract interacted directly with free viral particles of two acyclovir\u2010resistant HSV strains at low IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 0.13 and 0.23\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and high selectivity indices of 2692 and 1522, respectively. The <jats:italic>Melissa<\/jats:italic> extract and rosmarinic acid inhibited HSV\u20101 attachment to host cells in a dose\u2010dependent manner for acyclovir\u2010sensitive and acyclovir\u2010resistant strains. These results indicate that mainly rosmarinic acid contributed to the antiviral activity of <jats:italic>Melissa<\/jats:italic> extract. Penetration of herpes viruses into cells was inhibited by <jats:italic>Melissa<\/jats:italic> extract at 80% and 96% for drug\u2010sensitive and drug\u2010resistant viruses, respectively. <jats:italic>Melissa<\/jats:italic> extract exhibits low toxicity and affects attachment and penetration of acyclovir\u2010sensitive and acyclovir\u2010resistant HSVs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T09:39:36Z","timestamp":1399887576000},"page":"1547-1552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Attachment and Penetration of Acyclovir\u2010resistant Herpes Simplex Virus are Inhibited by <scp><i>Melissa officinalis<\/i><\/scp> Extract"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Akram","family":"Astani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology University of Heidelberg  Im Neuenheimer Feld 324 69120 Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojdeh","family":"Heidary Navid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology University of Heidelberg  Im Neuenheimer Feld 324 69120 Heidelberg 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