{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:55:38Z","timestamp":1780491338311,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"863 Hi-tech Program of China","award":["2007AA02Z171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2007AA02Z171"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Liquorice is a commonly prescribed herb in traditional Chinese medicine with the primary constituent, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) responsible for the toxic effects arising from its chronic consumption. Hepatic transformation and biliary excretion of GA are significant and well\u2010documented pharmacokinetic pathways in humans, while glucuronide conjugates are the major identified metabolites. Here we report the role of bile in GA bioconversion in rats; this being achieved following intravenous administration of GA to Sprague\u2013Dawley rats at a dose of 2\u2009mg\/kg with bile fluid analyzed for 3\u2009h post\u2010injection using HPLC. The maximum concentration of glucuronides was detected about 30\u2009min post\u2010administration, while the cumulative biliary excretion of glucuronides after 3\u2009h was found to be 63.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4%. Our findings indicate a relatively high rate of biliary excretion for GA via the formation of glucuronide conjugates, and as a result of these findings, glucuronidation can be firmly regarded as a primary detoxification pathway for GA in rats. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T07:20:40Z","timestamp":1400743240000},"page":"1887-1889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biliary Excretion of Glycyrrhetinic Acid: Glucuronide\u2010Conjugate Determination Following a Pharmacokinetic Study of Rat Bile"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University  24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University  24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy the University of Queensland  QLD 4072 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University  24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University  24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixia","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University  24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu 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