{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:34:59Z","timestamp":1780400099251,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study describes the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of the hydro\u2010alcoholic extract of<jats:italic>Buddleja polystachya<\/jats:italic>(Bp.Cr) with possible mode of action explored along with activity\u2010directed fractionation. Bp.Cr and its aqueous (Bp.Aq) and organic fractions, petroleum ether (Bp.Pet), dichloromethane (Bp.DCM), ethylacetate (Bp.EtAc) and butanol (Bp.But), were tested using the<jats:italic>in\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in\u2010vitro<\/jats:italic>assays. The crude extract (100\u2013300\u2009mg\/kg) showed 20 and 60% protection of castor oil\u2010induced diarrhea in mice. In isolated rabbit jejunum, Bp.Cr like papaverine inhibited spontaneous and high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>(80\u2009mM)\u2010induced contractions equi\u2010potently. In guinea\u2010pig ileum, Bp.Cr showed a moderate spasmogenic effect. The activity\u2010directed fractionation revealed that the spasmolytic activity was concentrated in the organic fractions and spasmogenic component in the aqueous fraction. Amongst the organic fractions, BP.DCM and Bp.Pet inhibited spontaneous and high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced contractions equi\u2010potently, while Bp.But, like verapamil was more potent against high K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. The crude extract and its organic fractions caused rightward shift in the Ca<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\u2010concentration response curves (CRCs), similar to verapamil, and all except Bp.But potentiated the isoprenaline\u2010inhibitory CRCs to the left, similar to papaverine. The results of this study indicate that the crude extract of<jats:italic>B. polystachya<\/jats:italic>possesses antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities, mediated possibly through dual inhibition of Ca<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>influx and phospodiesterase enzyme. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T08:54:12Z","timestamp":1431593652000},"page":"1211-1218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Activities of<i>Buddleja polystachya<\/i>are Mediated Through Dual Inhibition of Ca<sup>++<\/sup>Influx and Phosphodiesterase Enzyme"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Najeeb\u2010ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences The Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwarul\u2010Hassan","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences The Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences Mekelle University Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences The Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nazneen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences The Aga Khan University Medical College Karachi 74800 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"El Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy University of Mansoura Mansoura 35516 Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada A.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo 11562 Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan Y.","family":"Al\u2010Ati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy King Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maged S.","family":"Abdel\u2010kader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy Salman Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Flora of West Pakistan","author":"Abdullah P","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Comparative study of frequency of cough with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pakistan Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"7679","article-title":"Studies on Buddlej aasiatica antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and Ca++ antagonist activities","volume":"10","author":"Ali F","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological studies on Chrozophora prostrata in perspective of its folkloric reputation as purgative","volume":"7","author":"Arshad U","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bang J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Calcium Antagonists in Clinical Medicine","author":"Billman GE","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Illustrated, Part 2","author":"Chaudhary SA","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America","author":"Duke JA","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957821"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(91)90331-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of Buddleja polystachya extracts","volume":"8","author":"Fawzy GA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bang J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-199605000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.17.040177.001053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2957-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(96)00691-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06867-X","article-title":"Calcium antagonism and calcium entry blockade","volume":"38","author":"Godfraind T","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)94052-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90075-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)34115-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00445-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPJ05013X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2012.701.707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjp.v7i4.12873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Aqueous extracts of Liriopepla typhylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide\u2010induced constipation of SD rats","volume":"13","author":"Kim JE","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Comp Alter Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Modern Pharmacology","author":"Lee TJ","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np990092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)14282-X","article-title":"Potentiation of the effects of sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol by selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors","volume":"23","author":"Lorenz KL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2014.82.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1466-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Flora of Saudi Arabia","author":"Migahid AM","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"The ethno\u2010botanic significance and antimicrobial activities of two plant extracts used in Eritrea","volume":"17","author":"Mohamedkassm N","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Phytomed Clin Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32705-9","article-title":"Action potential, membrane currents and force of contraction in cat ventricular heart muscle treated with papaverine","volume":"218","author":"Nawarth H","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Pharmacology","author":"Rang HP","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2013.190.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21735-9","article-title":"Loperamide: blockade of calcium channels as a mechanism for antidiarrhoeal effects","volume":"231","author":"Reynolds IJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3109\/13880208009065182","article-title":"A study on the mechanism of the hypotensive activity of Buddleja asiatica (Newarpati)","volume":"18","author":"Singh SP","year":"1980","journal-title":"Quart J Crud Drug Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.22.869"}],"container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fptr.5367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ptr.5367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T23:50:24Z","timestamp":1748389824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ptr.5367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ptr.5367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.5367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-418X","1099-1573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-418X","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]]}}}