{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:22:52Z","timestamp":1788906172458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,31]],"date-time":"2015-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phytotherapy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Salacia reticulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    Wight (Hypocrataceae) roots, stems, and leaves have been used in Asia for hundreds of years for the folkloric treatment of diabetes and other health problems. Constituents that have been identified as exhibiting anti\u2010diabetic effects include salacinol, kotalanol, ponkorinol, salaprinol, and their corresponding de\u20100\u2010sulfonated compounds. Mangiferin, kotalagenin 16\u2010acetate and various proanthocyanidin oligomers have also been isolated. Studies indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>Salacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts modulate multiple targets that influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including \u03b1\u2010glucosidase, aldose reductase, pancreatic lipase, peroxisomal proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b1, glucose transporter\u20104 mediated glucose uptake, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>Salacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts exhibit free radical scavenging, antioxidant and hepatoprotectant activities. In human studies,\n                    <jats:italic>Salacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels, decrease HbA1c, and modulate serum lipid levels with no adverse effects being reported. Similar results have been demonstrated in rat and mouse models as well as\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    systems. Safety of\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u2009reticulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other\n                    <jats:italic>Salacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species as\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u2009oblonga<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u2009chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in rats and mice indicate that extracts are exceedingly safe. No clinical studies have examined the effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Salacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts on human weight loss, although weight loss and decreases in weight gain have been demonstrated in animal models. Because of the large number of pharmacologically active compounds, it is difficult to establish standards for extracts. \u00a9 2015 The Authors.\n                    <jats:italic>Phytotheraphy Research<\/jats:italic>\n                    published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T01:03:26Z","timestamp":1433120606000},"page":"986-995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Anti\u2010diabetic and Anti\u2010hyperlipidemic Effects and Safety of\n                    <i>Salacia reticulata<\/i>\n                    and Related Species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sidney J.","family":"Stohs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AdvoCare International Plano TX 75074 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidhartha","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manchester University College of Pharmacy Fort Wayne IN 46845 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4038\/tare.v13i2.3137","article-title":"Salacia reticulata WIGHT: A review of botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"13","author":"Arunakumara KKIU","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Agr Res Extens"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1685","article-title":"Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of S. oblonga in streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats","volume":"6","author":"Bhat BM","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Free radical scavenging activities and anti\u2010diabetic properties of various extracts of Salacia reticulata","volume":"21","author":"Chandrashekar CN","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Studies on chemical constituents of Salacia prinoides","volume":"31","author":"Gao XH","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhong Yao Cai"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nepo95"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(96)01523-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4327\/jsnfs.53.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Salacia chinensis roots in Wistar albino rats","volume":"1","author":"Kannan M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Univ Pharm Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90040-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"The hypoglycemic potential and safety profile of Salacia reticulate Wight extract powder in healthy and diabetic subjects","volume":"20","author":"Kataoka K","year":"2006","journal-title":"New Diet Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.2.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.117831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"510","article-title":"Hypoglycaemic and anti-oxidant activity of Salacia oblonga Wall. extract in streptozotocin-induced rats","volume":"43","author":"Krishnakumar K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J. 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