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The present study assessed the effect of <jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> L. essential oil on the treatment of anxiety, in the moment that precedes the collection of medullary material in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Volunteers from both sexes were divided into groups receiving either the <jats:italic>C. aurantium<\/jats:italic> essential oil through inhalation<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> diazepam (10\u2009mg), or the placebo. The evaluation was performed through psychometric scales [State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)] and physiological measurements (blood pressure and cardiac and respiratory frequency). Inhalation of <jats:italic>C. aurantium<\/jats:italic> was associated with a decrease in the STAI\u2010S scores, suggesting an anxiolytic effect. In support of these results, a change in all the physiological measurements was observed in the group exposed to <jats:italic>C. aurantium<\/jats:italic>. In the diazepam group, only the diastolic pressure decreased, and no effect was observed in the placebo group. Therefore, the results showed that <jats:italic>C. aurantium<\/jats:italic> exhibits an anxiolytic effect and reduces the signs and symptoms associated with anxiety in patients with CML. 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